Anima, Animus
The Anima and Animus are part of Carl Jung's theory of the collective unconscious. In the unconscious of the male, it finds expression in the feminine inner personality, anima. In the unconscious of the female, expressed as the masculine, animus.
Jung said they are significant, autonomous complexes. He said because of man's sensitivity, they are, often, repressed, but also influence interaction with the opposite sex. Jung said as the 'shadow' is an apprentice-piece, the anima is the master-piece, a source of creativity.
In the book Invisible Partners, the key to anima is to recognize manisfestation and discern its relation to reality.
Jung believed every woman has animus in her psyche, unconscious masculine attributes and potentials. Jung argued women have a host of animus images, being that more complex. The female animus is more aware of her feelings and beliefs, more capable to express them.
Jung warns of a danger, an invasion of the unconscious. Jung says this anima possession must be prevented. The anima is forced into an inner world, a medium between ego and unconsciousness, as is the persona between ego and environment.
Jung views development of good and bad effects, favorable and non favorable. The good, wise man contrasted with a corresponding dark spiritual figure. In the same way, the priestess or sybil has the counterpart of witch or 'terrible' mother.
Jung advises avoiding hasty judgment. Comparisons in both directions. The sky-woman, the positive, the bear, the negative, extensions into the celestial and mundane. Jung encourages a union of opposites.
Mana is a precursor to religion, the stuff souls and magic are made of. Mana righted by birth and warfare. Mana can earn respect, power, prestige and authority.
Coming to terms with mana figures requires overcoming psychic splitting, joining the twisted side of a great mother with male counterparts. An awareness of function and role of the hunter and the witch.
Wikipedia
Monday, January 31, 2011
Sunday, January 30, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Cheater's Conscience
It's likely your husband is experiencing intense guilt and conflict that accompanies the selfish and sinful act of infidelity. God put a little voice in the human soul that screams bloody murder at such moments, though some of have learned to stuff a sock in its mouth. Even when we ignore its condemnation, the conscience is a formidable opponent of irresponsibility and will not permit gross violations of moral laws without a struggle. It's not uncommon for a person in this situation to experience a kind of internal war resolved in one of three ways. 1) the conscience wins and the person returns to the straight life 2) the person rationalizes so effectively his behavior seems to be pure and holy 3) the conscience wins, but the person persists in doing what he wants to do anyway.
People in this third category can be some of the most miserable people on the face of the earth. Their behavior has contradicted their personal code of ethics, all attempts to reconcile the two have been futile. Put another way, these people are in a dogfight with their consciences and the fur is flying. Not only psychological disorders, but physical illness can result from such disharmony. Depression, weight loss and sleepless nights are not uncommon. The ordeal is extremely uncomfortable to the sensitive individual.
Dr. James Dobson
Love Must Be Tough
It's likely your husband is experiencing intense guilt and conflict that accompanies the selfish and sinful act of infidelity. God put a little voice in the human soul that screams bloody murder at such moments, though some of have learned to stuff a sock in its mouth. Even when we ignore its condemnation, the conscience is a formidable opponent of irresponsibility and will not permit gross violations of moral laws without a struggle. It's not uncommon for a person in this situation to experience a kind of internal war resolved in one of three ways. 1) the conscience wins and the person returns to the straight life 2) the person rationalizes so effectively his behavior seems to be pure and holy 3) the conscience wins, but the person persists in doing what he wants to do anyway.
People in this third category can be some of the most miserable people on the face of the earth. Their behavior has contradicted their personal code of ethics, all attempts to reconcile the two have been futile. Put another way, these people are in a dogfight with their consciences and the fur is flying. Not only psychological disorders, but physical illness can result from such disharmony. Depression, weight loss and sleepless nights are not uncommon. The ordeal is extremely uncomfortable to the sensitive individual.
Dr. James Dobson
Love Must Be Tough
Looking glass self
Each to each a looking glass. Reflects the other that has passed.
The looking glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley. He states a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perception of others. People shape themselves based on how other's perceive them and confirm other's opinion on themselves.
In a very large and interesting class of cases, the social reference takes the form of a definite imagination of identity, any idea appropriated- appears in mind. A kind of self-feeling determined by the attitude toward this attributed to that other mind. A social self might be called the reflected looking glass self.
Identity or self in the result we learn to see our selves as others do. The looking glass self begins at an early age. It continues through life believed we never stop modifying ourselves unless all social interaction ceases. Some psychologists think the concept wanes over time.
Wikipedia
Each to each a looking glass. Reflects the other that has passed.
The looking glass self is a social psychological concept, created by Charles Horton Cooley. He states a person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perception of others. People shape themselves based on how other's perceive them and confirm other's opinion on themselves.
In a very large and interesting class of cases, the social reference takes the form of a definite imagination of identity, any idea appropriated- appears in mind. A kind of self-feeling determined by the attitude toward this attributed to that other mind. A social self might be called the reflected looking glass self.
Identity or self in the result we learn to see our selves as others do. The looking glass self begins at an early age. It continues through life believed we never stop modifying ourselves unless all social interaction ceases. Some psychologists think the concept wanes over time.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Sunset fatigue
Hurried people cannot love. Lewis Grant says we get afflicted by sunset fatigue. We come home from a day's work, those we are most committed to, those who need our love the most end up getting the leftovers. Sunset fatigue when we're just too tired, too preoccupied, too drained to love the people we have made the deepest promises.
Grant says you find yourself rushing even when there is no reason to. There is an underlying tension causing sharp words or sibling quarrels. You indulge in self-destructive escapes from fatigue, abusing alcohol, watching too much TV. You sense a loss of gratitude and wonder, is this sunset fatigue?
The Life You Always Wanted
John Ortberg
Hurried people cannot love. Lewis Grant says we get afflicted by sunset fatigue. We come home from a day's work, those we are most committed to, those who need our love the most end up getting the leftovers. Sunset fatigue when we're just too tired, too preoccupied, too drained to love the people we have made the deepest promises.
Grant says you find yourself rushing even when there is no reason to. There is an underlying tension causing sharp words or sibling quarrels. You indulge in self-destructive escapes from fatigue, abusing alcohol, watching too much TV. You sense a loss of gratitude and wonder, is this sunset fatigue?
The Life You Always Wanted
John Ortberg
God forbade...must reading!
halo effect
The halo effect is a cognitive bias of perception of one trait is influenced by the perception of another trait. An example, a good looking person is thought of as more smart.
A Solomon Asch study suggests attractiveness is a central state, we presume all other traits of an attractive person are just as attractive and sought after.
The halo effect explains Harold Kelley's implicit personality theory. The initial traits recognized in people are ingrained, influential and impressive. Attractive people held in regard to have a more desirable personality and appear more skilful than someone of average appearance.
In brand marketing, the halo effect is when perceived positive features extend to a broader brand.
For example, iPod had positive effects on perceptions of Apple's other projects. In the automobile industry, halo vehicles include the Dodge Viper, Ford GT and Acura NSX.
Social psychologist Richard Nisbett said even if we were told our judgments have been affected by the halo effect, we may not be aware when under its influence, we might never have known when we've had it so good.
Wikipedia
The halo effect is a cognitive bias of perception of one trait is influenced by the perception of another trait. An example, a good looking person is thought of as more smart.
A Solomon Asch study suggests attractiveness is a central state, we presume all other traits of an attractive person are just as attractive and sought after.
The halo effect explains Harold Kelley's implicit personality theory. The initial traits recognized in people are ingrained, influential and impressive. Attractive people held in regard to have a more desirable personality and appear more skilful than someone of average appearance.
In brand marketing, the halo effect is when perceived positive features extend to a broader brand.
For example, iPod had positive effects on perceptions of Apple's other projects. In the automobile industry, halo vehicles include the Dodge Viper, Ford GT and Acura NSX.
Social psychologist Richard Nisbett said even if we were told our judgments have been affected by the halo effect, we may not be aware when under its influence, we might never have known when we've had it so good.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Framing
The door-in-the-face technique is a persuasion method. First, a large request is made, quite expected to be denied, a second, following request is made, more likely to fulfill. Robert Cialdini calls this reciprocity. The sharp negative response creates a sense of debt or guilt, by comparison, the second request is clear.
Framing, or a reference point explains the initial bad offer sets a reference point from the second offer looks like an improvement.
Cialdini's study finds more would chaperone a one-day trip for juvenile delinquents, than would, when first asked to counsel them for two-hours a week for two years.
The same option under different circumstances influences decision, depending on the outcome in terms of gains or losses and a penchance for making a wrong choice.
Follow this test:
Option A saves 200 lives.
Option B has a 33% chance of saving all 600 people, but a 66% chance of saving no one.
The decisions have the same expected value, 200 lives saved, but B is risky.
Next is added:
Option C 400 people die
Option D 33% chance no one will die, with a 66% chance all will die.
The first part emphasized lives gained, in the second, lives lost.
Prospect theory says approaches to losses and gains impacts. A loss is more devastating than an equivalent gain is gratifying.
People avoid risk in a positive frame, but seek risk in a negative frame.
Gains for smaller values are bigger than equivalent increases for larger quantities.
A sure gain is preferred to a probable gain, but a probable loss likely to a definite loss. This is the certainty effect.
Among problems with framing people are not given enough choice, chance of likely outcome, within the context of one of two frames. Framing manipulates decision, its consequences are inescapable.
Druckman says framing and societal implications are overemphasized. Framing effects can be limited, reduced or eliminated if enough credible information is given.
Wikipedia
The door-in-the-face technique is a persuasion method. First, a large request is made, quite expected to be denied, a second, following request is made, more likely to fulfill. Robert Cialdini calls this reciprocity. The sharp negative response creates a sense of debt or guilt, by comparison, the second request is clear.
Framing, or a reference point explains the initial bad offer sets a reference point from the second offer looks like an improvement.
Cialdini's study finds more would chaperone a one-day trip for juvenile delinquents, than would, when first asked to counsel them for two-hours a week for two years.
The same option under different circumstances influences decision, depending on the outcome in terms of gains or losses and a penchance for making a wrong choice.
Follow this test:
Option A saves 200 lives.
Option B has a 33% chance of saving all 600 people, but a 66% chance of saving no one.
The decisions have the same expected value, 200 lives saved, but B is risky.
Next is added:
Option C 400 people die
Option D 33% chance no one will die, with a 66% chance all will die.
The first part emphasized lives gained, in the second, lives lost.
Prospect theory says approaches to losses and gains impacts. A loss is more devastating than an equivalent gain is gratifying.
People avoid risk in a positive frame, but seek risk in a negative frame.
Gains for smaller values are bigger than equivalent increases for larger quantities.
A sure gain is preferred to a probable gain, but a probable loss likely to a definite loss. This is the certainty effect.
Among problems with framing people are not given enough choice, chance of likely outcome, within the context of one of two frames. Framing manipulates decision, its consequences are inescapable.
Druckman says framing and societal implications are overemphasized. Framing effects can be limited, reduced or eliminated if enough credible information is given.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Celebration
People who want to pursue joy need to practice the discipline of celebration.
We often think of discipline as the abstinence of pleasurable things. True celebration is the inverse of hedonism. Hedonism is the demand for more and more pleasure for personal gratification. It follows the law of diminishing returns, what brought joy, yesterday, no longer does today. Our capacity for joy diminishes. Celebration is not like that. In celebration we take delight, today, in something we didn't notice yesterday. When we celebrate, we see and feel the goodness in the simplest gifts of God.
The Life You Always Wanted
John Ortberg
People who want to pursue joy need to practice the discipline of celebration.
We often think of discipline as the abstinence of pleasurable things. True celebration is the inverse of hedonism. Hedonism is the demand for more and more pleasure for personal gratification. It follows the law of diminishing returns, what brought joy, yesterday, no longer does today. Our capacity for joy diminishes. Celebration is not like that. In celebration we take delight, today, in something we didn't notice yesterday. When we celebrate, we see and feel the goodness in the simplest gifts of God.
The Life You Always Wanted
John Ortberg
God forbade...must reading!
Society
Solitude is needed to counteract society. Solitude seen as the 'furnace of transformation'. Solitude seen as the one place free from the forces of society that will, otherwise, relentlessly mold us.
We live in a lethal environment. American society is filled with ideas, values, pressures and temptations about success, security, comfort and happiness. We wouldn't notice unless we took a different perspective every now and again. Thomas Merton wrote early church fathers put such a premium on solitude they considered society a shipwreck from which any sane person must swim for his life. These people believed to drift along, passively accepting society's values and tenets is a pure, simple recipe for disaster.
Consider this analogy:
If you put a frog in a pot of boiling water, it would immediately hop out. The frog would not take note if it was put in room temperature water, and gradually increased to boil to death.
The truth is the most vulnerable dangers are not sudden, dramatic or obvious. They creep, become part of our environment, we never notice.
The Life You Always Wanted
John Ortberg
Solitude is needed to counteract society. Solitude seen as the 'furnace of transformation'. Solitude seen as the one place free from the forces of society that will, otherwise, relentlessly mold us.
We live in a lethal environment. American society is filled with ideas, values, pressures and temptations about success, security, comfort and happiness. We wouldn't notice unless we took a different perspective every now and again. Thomas Merton wrote early church fathers put such a premium on solitude they considered society a shipwreck from which any sane person must swim for his life. These people believed to drift along, passively accepting society's values and tenets is a pure, simple recipe for disaster.
Consider this analogy:
If you put a frog in a pot of boiling water, it would immediately hop out. The frog would not take note if it was put in room temperature water, and gradually increased to boil to death.
The truth is the most vulnerable dangers are not sudden, dramatic or obvious. They creep, become part of our environment, we never notice.
The Life You Always Wanted
John Ortberg
God forbade...must reading!
Identity
Kenneth Gergen has suggested the following identity classifications. First, is a strategic manipulator, one who sees all senses of identity as role-playing exercises, who, gradually, becomes alienated from their social self. The pastiche personality abandons all aspirations in favor of a true, essential identity, social interactions are opportunities to play out, becoming the roles played. The relational self disregards an exclusive self, all sense of identity formed from the social engagement with others.
Two restrictive interpretations of identity, follow opposite tendency. The first takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing, defined by a common ancestry and biology. The second is rooted in social constructionist theory. Identity formed by, a mostly, political choice. It questions identity as a natural given, known by fixed, 'objective' criteria. Both must consider respective historical, political contexts, framed by debate on class, race and ethnicity.
Identity is hard to pin down, put your finger on. It's a virtual intangible. Identity has many meanings from fundamental, abiding sameness to contingent, fluid and negotiated. Brubaker and Cooper note identity confusion in categorical practice and analysis. Many follow their own prescriptions rather than study the mechanisms that lead to a crystallised reality. Hall considers diverse and ever-changing social experience. Others see identifiable components, with individual interpretation. Identity by personal choice about who you associate with and what you do.
Wikipedia
Kenneth Gergen has suggested the following identity classifications. First, is a strategic manipulator, one who sees all senses of identity as role-playing exercises, who, gradually, becomes alienated from their social self. The pastiche personality abandons all aspirations in favor of a true, essential identity, social interactions are opportunities to play out, becoming the roles played. The relational self disregards an exclusive self, all sense of identity formed from the social engagement with others.
Two restrictive interpretations of identity, follow opposite tendency. The first takes the sense of self and belonging as a fixed thing, defined by a common ancestry and biology. The second is rooted in social constructionist theory. Identity formed by, a mostly, political choice. It questions identity as a natural given, known by fixed, 'objective' criteria. Both must consider respective historical, political contexts, framed by debate on class, race and ethnicity.
Identity is hard to pin down, put your finger on. It's a virtual intangible. Identity has many meanings from fundamental, abiding sameness to contingent, fluid and negotiated. Brubaker and Cooper note identity confusion in categorical practice and analysis. Many follow their own prescriptions rather than study the mechanisms that lead to a crystallised reality. Hall considers diverse and ever-changing social experience. Others see identifiable components, with individual interpretation. Identity by personal choice about who you associate with and what you do.
Wikipedia
Saturday, January 29, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Committment
The escalation of committment, described in a Barry Staw paper, known by the following sayings:
"Knee deep in the muddy"
"Throwing good money after bad"
In for a dime, in for a dollar"
The term is used to describe poor decision in business, government, politics and gambling. Irrational escalation when irrational decisions based on rational decisions, in the past, justify action already taken. An example, in a bidding war, more is bid than is worth.
Take the case of Robert Campeau who ended up buying Bloomingdale's for 600-million more than it was worth. The Wall Street Journal said, "we're not dealing with price, anymore, but ego's". Campeau was, soon, forced to declare bankruptcy.
In an attempt to increase market share, competing brands spend money with few results. This seen between Maxwell House and Folger's, Coke and Pepsi, Kodak and Polaroid. A commercial application of the Red Queen rule.
The Red Queen hypothesis taken from Lewis Carroll's, Through the Looking Glass,
where the Red Queen said "the chess board moves, Alice must keep running just to stay in place."
Sex is an evolutionary puzzle. Males make up half the population, yet, they bear no offspring, directly, or, generally, contribute little toward survival. In some circles, like lions, males pose a positive threat to live young fathered by other males. The sexes spend resources to attract and compete for mates. The attraction is two-fold. In birds of paradise, potential mates are attracted, but so are predators.
This brings in Richard Dawkins, 'selfish gene' whose goal is to reproduce itself, but, may draw from producing other genes. The author does not intend to imply 'selfish genes' are driven by motives, feelings or will, but, the effects described as if they were.
The implication, a power struggle between genes, but, generally, genes win without a fight. Only a problem when the organism is smart enough to know its interests, distinct from their genes. As in birth control to prevent fertilization, putting a hold on replicating genes.
Wikipedia
The escalation of committment, described in a Barry Staw paper, known by the following sayings:
"Knee deep in the muddy"
"Throwing good money after bad"
In for a dime, in for a dollar"
The term is used to describe poor decision in business, government, politics and gambling. Irrational escalation when irrational decisions based on rational decisions, in the past, justify action already taken. An example, in a bidding war, more is bid than is worth.
Take the case of Robert Campeau who ended up buying Bloomingdale's for 600-million more than it was worth. The Wall Street Journal said, "we're not dealing with price, anymore, but ego's". Campeau was, soon, forced to declare bankruptcy.
In an attempt to increase market share, competing brands spend money with few results. This seen between Maxwell House and Folger's, Coke and Pepsi, Kodak and Polaroid. A commercial application of the Red Queen rule.
The Red Queen hypothesis taken from Lewis Carroll's, Through the Looking Glass,
where the Red Queen said "the chess board moves, Alice must keep running just to stay in place."
Sex is an evolutionary puzzle. Males make up half the population, yet, they bear no offspring, directly, or, generally, contribute little toward survival. In some circles, like lions, males pose a positive threat to live young fathered by other males. The sexes spend resources to attract and compete for mates. The attraction is two-fold. In birds of paradise, potential mates are attracted, but so are predators.
This brings in Richard Dawkins, 'selfish gene' whose goal is to reproduce itself, but, may draw from producing other genes. The author does not intend to imply 'selfish genes' are driven by motives, feelings or will, but, the effects described as if they were.
The implication, a power struggle between genes, but, generally, genes win without a fight. Only a problem when the organism is smart enough to know its interests, distinct from their genes. As in birth control to prevent fertilization, putting a hold on replicating genes.
Wikipedia
Friday, January 28, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Swedenborg
Emmanuel Swedenborg, 1688-1772, was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic and theologian. He had successful career as an inventor and scientist.
Swedenborg said spirit needed a vehicle to lay the goundwork for what was to come. Spirit needed a channel, respected among the world's great minds. A vehicle to open eyes to realities of spiritual communion and communication, without creating a cultural or theological shock.
Swedenborg spoke sharply against Sola fide, salvation by faith alone, irregardless of deeds. Sola fide, a doctrine of Philip Melanchthon and Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation, a core belief. Swedenborg urged a conjunction of faith and charity, doing good out of willing good, whenever possible, good uses or good works or the conjunction fails.
He defines marriage, the union of wisdom and love. Furthermore, relates the sexes to reason and intention.
Wikipedia
Emmanuel Swedenborg, 1688-1772, was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic and theologian. He had successful career as an inventor and scientist.
Swedenborg said spirit needed a vehicle to lay the goundwork for what was to come. Spirit needed a channel, respected among the world's great minds. A vehicle to open eyes to realities of spiritual communion and communication, without creating a cultural or theological shock.
Swedenborg spoke sharply against Sola fide, salvation by faith alone, irregardless of deeds. Sola fide, a doctrine of Philip Melanchthon and Martin Luther during the Protestant Reformation, a core belief. Swedenborg urged a conjunction of faith and charity, doing good out of willing good, whenever possible, good uses or good works or the conjunction fails.
He defines marriage, the union of wisdom and love. Furthermore, relates the sexes to reason and intention.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Mutiple intelligence
A theory of multiple intelligence was proposed by Howard Gardner to analyze and describe intelligence. Gardner claims IQ tests overlook many cognitive abilities humans display.
In general, theorists propose students have the opportunity to use and develop different intelligences, not just those they naturally excel in.
Traditionally, schools have emphasized local and linguistic intelligence, reading and writing. While many function well in this environment, others do not.
A Harvard study found in multiple intelligence schools there was a culture of hard-work, respect and caring, a faculty that collaborated and learned from each other. Teachers engage students through compelled, but meaningful choices, with a sharp focus to produce high quality work.
A Waldorf education, as introduced by Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner. He said learning is interdisciplinary, integrating practical, artistic and conceptual elements. Imagination is emphasized, thinking with creative and analytical components. The goal to develop free and morally responsible students, encouraged to pursue and fulfill their destinies.
This education allows for variations in the pace of individual learning, expecting he will grasp a concept or learn a skill when he is ready. All learning must be at hand. Competitive team sports taught in upper grades. Students are pushed to develop independent and creative thinking, a sense of confidence, responsibility and purpose, to understand ethical principles, to build a sense of social responsibility.
Wikipedia
A theory of multiple intelligence was proposed by Howard Gardner to analyze and describe intelligence. Gardner claims IQ tests overlook many cognitive abilities humans display.
In general, theorists propose students have the opportunity to use and develop different intelligences, not just those they naturally excel in.
Traditionally, schools have emphasized local and linguistic intelligence, reading and writing. While many function well in this environment, others do not.
A Harvard study found in multiple intelligence schools there was a culture of hard-work, respect and caring, a faculty that collaborated and learned from each other. Teachers engage students through compelled, but meaningful choices, with a sharp focus to produce high quality work.
A Waldorf education, as introduced by Austrian philosopher Rudolf Steiner. He said learning is interdisciplinary, integrating practical, artistic and conceptual elements. Imagination is emphasized, thinking with creative and analytical components. The goal to develop free and morally responsible students, encouraged to pursue and fulfill their destinies.
This education allows for variations in the pace of individual learning, expecting he will grasp a concept or learn a skill when he is ready. All learning must be at hand. Competitive team sports taught in upper grades. Students are pushed to develop independent and creative thinking, a sense of confidence, responsibility and purpose, to understand ethical principles, to build a sense of social responsibility.
Wikipedia
Thursday, January 27, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Deja vu
Deja vu, don't ya just love the word? is the feeling you've experienced something before, but not sure of the circumstances, perhaps, imagined.
Deja vu usually comes from a sense of familiarity, a sense of 'eeriness,' what Freud called the uncanny. The previous experience from the sense this has happened before, maybe from a dream.
Children and adults, alike, know the feeling. Studies are difficult in laboratory settings about the subject.
The most common description is a strong sense of 'being recalled' , but can't place where.
Some researchers say deja vu is a neurological problem, like the 'jolt' you feel before you fall asleep. Other explanations, an error in retrieving learned information, just, momentarily forgotten.
The opposite of deja vu, jamais vu, when someone momentarily does not recognize a word, person or place, but with a little help, does recall.
And presque vu, or the tip of the tongue, can't recall a name or situation, its on the tip of my tongue. This study shows promise in results.
Wikipedia
Deja vu, don't ya just love the word? is the feeling you've experienced something before, but not sure of the circumstances, perhaps, imagined.
Deja vu usually comes from a sense of familiarity, a sense of 'eeriness,' what Freud called the uncanny. The previous experience from the sense this has happened before, maybe from a dream.
Children and adults, alike, know the feeling. Studies are difficult in laboratory settings about the subject.
The most common description is a strong sense of 'being recalled' , but can't place where.
Some researchers say deja vu is a neurological problem, like the 'jolt' you feel before you fall asleep. Other explanations, an error in retrieving learned information, just, momentarily forgotten.
The opposite of deja vu, jamais vu, when someone momentarily does not recognize a word, person or place, but with a little help, does recall.
And presque vu, or the tip of the tongue, can't recall a name or situation, its on the tip of my tongue. This study shows promise in results.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Hidden observer
Ernest Hilgard is specifically known for his theory of the 'hidden observer' , created in the mind during hypnosis.
The phenomenon was controversial, critics claimed it could be manufactured by suggestion.
Hilgard was convinced we all have another being sharing our lives.
The hidden observer is cognizant of everything that is going on. The hidden observer sees more, he questions more. He's aware of what is going on all the time, but getting in touch is totally unnecessary. It's like a guardian angel that keeps you from danger. The hidden observer is looking through the tunnel and sees everything in the tunnel. Unless I am encouraged to talk with the hidden observer, I don't make contact.
The idea of a duality of the human personality is culturally, perhaps, historically universal.
The ancient greeks named a Daemon and Eidolon, two entities that shared senses and perceptions of the external world, but were interpreted with regard to their own history, knowledge and personality. To the greeks the relationship was an unequal one. Epictetus wrote at everyone's side God placed a guardian or Daemon, charged to watch over him. The Daemon can not sleep, nor be deceived. The belief was that the Daemon had foreknowledge of future circumstances and events, could forewarn Eidolon of the dangers. It was as if the Daemon had already lived the life of Eidolon.
The hidden observer came to be identified as the entity made contact with during hypnosis.
Wikipedia
Ernest Hilgard is specifically known for his theory of the 'hidden observer' , created in the mind during hypnosis.
The phenomenon was controversial, critics claimed it could be manufactured by suggestion.
Hilgard was convinced we all have another being sharing our lives.
The hidden observer is cognizant of everything that is going on. The hidden observer sees more, he questions more. He's aware of what is going on all the time, but getting in touch is totally unnecessary. It's like a guardian angel that keeps you from danger. The hidden observer is looking through the tunnel and sees everything in the tunnel. Unless I am encouraged to talk with the hidden observer, I don't make contact.
The idea of a duality of the human personality is culturally, perhaps, historically universal.
The ancient greeks named a Daemon and Eidolon, two entities that shared senses and perceptions of the external world, but were interpreted with regard to their own history, knowledge and personality. To the greeks the relationship was an unequal one. Epictetus wrote at everyone's side God placed a guardian or Daemon, charged to watch over him. The Daemon can not sleep, nor be deceived. The belief was that the Daemon had foreknowledge of future circumstances and events, could forewarn Eidolon of the dangers. It was as if the Daemon had already lived the life of Eidolon.
The hidden observer came to be identified as the entity made contact with during hypnosis.
Wikipedia
Wednesday, January 26, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Collective identity
A collective identity is a sense of belonging, the identity to the group, the collective. From an individual perspective, the collective identity forms a part of their personal identity.
A social group, like mothers, aware of their shared traits and circumstances, acting as a community, achieving solidarity. Rather than existing as separate individuals, people come together in dynamic groups sharing knowledge and resources.
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of Transcendental Meditation, used the term 'hive mind' to describe how the combined coherence in consciousness of a group of people could have an influence on the rest of society.
Atlee and Por say a collective intelligence involves a single focus of attention and a standard of metrics, a provisional threshold of action.
Team players respectful of collective intelligence are confident of their own abilities, knowing the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Maximizing collective intelligence means forming a suggestion box taking input from all members. Groupthink hampers collective intelligence by limiting input to a few select members and filtering suggestions without development to implementation.
Tom Atlee comments though humans have the ability to gather and analyze data, they are affected by culture, education and social institutions. Humans lack in the balance of innovation and reality.
The wisdom of the crowd is the process of taking account of the collective opinion of a group rather than a single expert to answer a question.
The wisdom of the crowd applies to democratic journalism, a group of non-experts determine what news is important. People outside the group can view the news based on those rankings.
The crowd tends to make its best decisions made up of diverse opinion. A crowd of like-minded people can cause bias and cloud their judgment . They work best when they have the right answer to mainly math or geography.
Wikipedia
A collective identity is a sense of belonging, the identity to the group, the collective. From an individual perspective, the collective identity forms a part of their personal identity.
A social group, like mothers, aware of their shared traits and circumstances, acting as a community, achieving solidarity. Rather than existing as separate individuals, people come together in dynamic groups sharing knowledge and resources.
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, founder of Transcendental Meditation, used the term 'hive mind' to describe how the combined coherence in consciousness of a group of people could have an influence on the rest of society.
Atlee and Por say a collective intelligence involves a single focus of attention and a standard of metrics, a provisional threshold of action.
Team players respectful of collective intelligence are confident of their own abilities, knowing the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Maximizing collective intelligence means forming a suggestion box taking input from all members. Groupthink hampers collective intelligence by limiting input to a few select members and filtering suggestions without development to implementation.
Tom Atlee comments though humans have the ability to gather and analyze data, they are affected by culture, education and social institutions. Humans lack in the balance of innovation and reality.
The wisdom of the crowd is the process of taking account of the collective opinion of a group rather than a single expert to answer a question.
The wisdom of the crowd applies to democratic journalism, a group of non-experts determine what news is important. People outside the group can view the news based on those rankings.
The crowd tends to make its best decisions made up of diverse opinion. A crowd of like-minded people can cause bias and cloud their judgment . They work best when they have the right answer to mainly math or geography.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Randomness
Fooled by Randomness, has become an English idiom used to describe when someone sees a pattern where there is just random noise.
The book's author Nassim Taleb says modern humans are often unaware of the existence of randomness. They tend to explain random outcomes as non-random.
Human beings overestimate causality, tend to view the world as with a more comfortable explanation than it really has. Explanations out of pure cloth.
Other misperceptions of randomness include survivorship bias, we see winners and try to "learn" from them, while forgetting the huge number of losers.
One of the most intriguing aspects is "vicarious learning ": that people can learn to be helpless through observing another person enduring uncontrollable events.
These helpless experiences can associate with passivity, uncontrollability and poor cognition in people, ultimately threatening their physical and mental well-being.
The American sociologist Harrison White has suggested in his book Identity and Control that the notion of learned helplessness can be extended beyond psychology into the realm of social action. When a culture or political identity fails to achieve desired goals, perceptions of collective ability suffer.
An imaginary number, "recipriversexcluson" can only be defined as being anything other than itself. Professor John Wettlaufer (Yale) has apparently observed that it is very important for physicists working outside the mainstream "to have a genuine interest in learning about someone else's problem". However, he admitted that "not many people want to do this".
Wikipedia
Fooled by Randomness, has become an English idiom used to describe when someone sees a pattern where there is just random noise.
The book's author Nassim Taleb says modern humans are often unaware of the existence of randomness. They tend to explain random outcomes as non-random.
Human beings overestimate causality, tend to view the world as with a more comfortable explanation than it really has. Explanations out of pure cloth.
Other misperceptions of randomness include survivorship bias, we see winners and try to "learn" from them, while forgetting the huge number of losers.
One of the most intriguing aspects is "vicarious learning ": that people can learn to be helpless through observing another person enduring uncontrollable events.
These helpless experiences can associate with passivity, uncontrollability and poor cognition in people, ultimately threatening their physical and mental well-being.
The American sociologist Harrison White has suggested in his book Identity and Control that the notion of learned helplessness can be extended beyond psychology into the realm of social action. When a culture or political identity fails to achieve desired goals, perceptions of collective ability suffer.
An imaginary number, "recipriversexcluson" can only be defined as being anything other than itself. Professor John Wettlaufer (Yale) has apparently observed that it is very important for physicists working outside the mainstream "to have a genuine interest in learning about someone else's problem". However, he admitted that "not many people want to do this".
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Urban Legend
An urban legend is among modern folklore stories believed to be true. It, in fact, says nothing about being true, only that its in circulation, it carries meaning and, so, is passed along.
People so often say they heard it from a 'friend of a friend', that has become a feature when telling this kind of story.
The urban myth is used, believed narratives that construct and reinforce a worldview among the circle. They provide us with coherent, convincing explanations of complex events.
Myths are commonly known to be fictitious. Brunvand feels an urban legend is less stigmatized.
Legend has it a contemporary legend highlights tales with recent, modern origin.
The British magazine Fourtean Times features Urban Legend updates, including the story of the vanishing hitchhiker.
Wikipedia
An urban legend is among modern folklore stories believed to be true. It, in fact, says nothing about being true, only that its in circulation, it carries meaning and, so, is passed along.
People so often say they heard it from a 'friend of a friend', that has become a feature when telling this kind of story.
The urban myth is used, believed narratives that construct and reinforce a worldview among the circle. They provide us with coherent, convincing explanations of complex events.
Myths are commonly known to be fictitious. Brunvand feels an urban legend is less stigmatized.
Legend has it a contemporary legend highlights tales with recent, modern origin.
The British magazine Fourtean Times features Urban Legend updates, including the story of the vanishing hitchhiker.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Nomination
Anyone can be nominated, but only exceptionals are honored. To make sure your candidate makes the honor's list, make sure he has what it takes to endure. Good deeds can litter the landscape, honor's committees look for those who've made a difference in their field of work or community.
Other qualities are; showed the best sustained and selfless voluntary service, demonstrated innovation and entrepreneurship, carried peer's respect, able to change things and do so, improved the lot of those less able to help themselves, displayed vision and moral courage while making tough choices.
Robert's Rule of Order is, at heart, the rule of the majority with respect to the minority. It uses deliberation to arrive at the best sense. Self governing organizations follow parliamentary debate, usually by vote, to come to a group decision with the least friction.
Backward induction is a reasoning backward in time for the best actions. It considers the last time a decision was made, what was done. The process continues until the best choice for every possible situation at every point in time is found.
In an example looking for work, if you turn down up to nine or ten times, you might reject, only, up to eight. The intuition is if you expect to work a long time, be picky about your choice.
Optimal stopping chooses the best time to act, to maximize the reward or minimize the cost.
John J. McCall's work considers a reservation wage, the lowest wage one would accept. As in economics, the reservation price, the highest price paid for goods.
In matching theory of labor markets, the rate new jobs are filled depends on the search and on finding open job vacancies.
Satisficing combines satisfy with suffice, to find the adequate, opposed to the optimal. Satisficing explains the tendency to go with your first choice if it satisfies most needs rather than finding the most optimal. Herbert Simon coined the term, saying humans lack cognitive resources to maximize, we, usually, don't consider the probabilities of outcomes, with our weak and unreliable memories.
An example: The job, to sew a patch on a pair of jeans. The best needle, four-inches long with a three-millimeter eye. This needle is buried in a haystack with one thousand other needles, one to six-inches long. Satisficing claims the first needle found should be used, searching for the one needle in the haystack is useless.
Jan Odhnoff quiets there is room for optimizing and satisficing. The difference, usually, in the quality of choice. Its trivial the best choice in optimization can be satisficingly unsatisfactory. Don't get bent over these two.
NiDirect, government services
Wikipedia
Anyone can be nominated, but only exceptionals are honored. To make sure your candidate makes the honor's list, make sure he has what it takes to endure. Good deeds can litter the landscape, honor's committees look for those who've made a difference in their field of work or community.
Other qualities are; showed the best sustained and selfless voluntary service, demonstrated innovation and entrepreneurship, carried peer's respect, able to change things and do so, improved the lot of those less able to help themselves, displayed vision and moral courage while making tough choices.
Robert's Rule of Order is, at heart, the rule of the majority with respect to the minority. It uses deliberation to arrive at the best sense. Self governing organizations follow parliamentary debate, usually by vote, to come to a group decision with the least friction.
Backward induction is a reasoning backward in time for the best actions. It considers the last time a decision was made, what was done. The process continues until the best choice for every possible situation at every point in time is found.
In an example looking for work, if you turn down up to nine or ten times, you might reject, only, up to eight. The intuition is if you expect to work a long time, be picky about your choice.
Optimal stopping chooses the best time to act, to maximize the reward or minimize the cost.
John J. McCall's work considers a reservation wage, the lowest wage one would accept. As in economics, the reservation price, the highest price paid for goods.
In matching theory of labor markets, the rate new jobs are filled depends on the search and on finding open job vacancies.
Satisficing combines satisfy with suffice, to find the adequate, opposed to the optimal. Satisficing explains the tendency to go with your first choice if it satisfies most needs rather than finding the most optimal. Herbert Simon coined the term, saying humans lack cognitive resources to maximize, we, usually, don't consider the probabilities of outcomes, with our weak and unreliable memories.
An example: The job, to sew a patch on a pair of jeans. The best needle, four-inches long with a three-millimeter eye. This needle is buried in a haystack with one thousand other needles, one to six-inches long. Satisficing claims the first needle found should be used, searching for the one needle in the haystack is useless.
Jan Odhnoff quiets there is room for optimizing and satisficing. The difference, usually, in the quality of choice. Its trivial the best choice in optimization can be satisficingly unsatisfactory. Don't get bent over these two.
NiDirect, government services
Wikipedia
Tuesday, January 25, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Double bind
A double bind, damned if I don't, damned ... is an emotionally distressing dilemma in communication in getting two conflicting messages, when one negates the other. A right answer to one message is the wrong answer to the other, automatically wrong.
Double binds are used as a form of control without open coercion. Confusion makes them hard to respond to, resist or resolve.
Gregory Bateson proposes a 'primary injunction' is imposed on the victim such as,
Do X, or I will punish you.
Don't do X, and I will punish you.
Do the first and second.
Double binds include different levels of abstraction in orders of messages. These messages, stated or implied, conveyed by body language or tone of voice. Further problems develop when double binds are part of a committed relationship.
The essence of double binds are two conflicting demands, each on a different logical level, neither can be ignored or escaped. The victim is 'torn', whichever demand attempted, the other impossible to accomplish.
“I have to, but I can't” becomes the response.
Bateson suggested in a repeated experience, when the double bind becomes a recurring theme, it can not be resolved as a single traumatic experience.
Wikipedia
A double bind, damned if I don't, damned ... is an emotionally distressing dilemma in communication in getting two conflicting messages, when one negates the other. A right answer to one message is the wrong answer to the other, automatically wrong.
Double binds are used as a form of control without open coercion. Confusion makes them hard to respond to, resist or resolve.
Gregory Bateson proposes a 'primary injunction' is imposed on the victim such as,
Do X, or I will punish you.
Don't do X, and I will punish you.
Do the first and second.
Double binds include different levels of abstraction in orders of messages. These messages, stated or implied, conveyed by body language or tone of voice. Further problems develop when double binds are part of a committed relationship.
The essence of double binds are two conflicting demands, each on a different logical level, neither can be ignored or escaped. The victim is 'torn', whichever demand attempted, the other impossible to accomplish.
“I have to, but I can't” becomes the response.
Bateson suggested in a repeated experience, when the double bind becomes a recurring theme, it can not be resolved as a single traumatic experience.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence, the ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to ease thought, to understand and regulate emotions for personal growth.
An emotional quotient inventory, designed to not measure personality traits or cognitive capacity, but the ability to be successful with environmental demands and pressures.
Tests perceive emotions, detect and decipher emotions in faces, pictures, voices or from any vehicles of the age. Perceiving emotions critical to the process of all emotional information.
Tests measure for the ability to harness emotions, to ease thinking and problem solving. To capitalize on your own changing moods to get the job done.
Understanding emotions to be sensitive to slight variations in them, to know and recognize how emotion evolves over time.
Tests to harness and manage, even negative emotions to achieve intended goals.
Among other problems with testing, difficulty forming questions that a minority can solve, when, by definition, deemed emotionally intelligent only when a majority has endorsed them.
Daniel Goleman's model reads emotion and recognizes impact while using gut feeling to guide decision. Control of emotion and impulses, adapting to changing circumstances. To sense, understand and react while comprehending social networks. The ability to inspire, influence and develop others while managing conflict.
Goleman believes emotional skills are not innate talents, but learned capabilities developed for outstanding performance.
As with much testing, good faking can lead to excessive positive bias.
Locke narrows emotional intelligence to grasp abstractions, applied to the particular life domain of emotions.
Antonakis brings up the 'curse of emotion', a too strong sensitivity to emotions causing management problems.
Peter Sifneos coined Alexithymia, an isolation of those who appear to have deficiencies understanding, describing or processing their emotions.
Wikipedia
Emotional Intelligence, the ability to perceive emotion, integrate emotion to ease thought, to understand and regulate emotions for personal growth.
An emotional quotient inventory, designed to not measure personality traits or cognitive capacity, but the ability to be successful with environmental demands and pressures.
Tests perceive emotions, detect and decipher emotions in faces, pictures, voices or from any vehicles of the age. Perceiving emotions critical to the process of all emotional information.
Tests measure for the ability to harness emotions, to ease thinking and problem solving. To capitalize on your own changing moods to get the job done.
Understanding emotions to be sensitive to slight variations in them, to know and recognize how emotion evolves over time.
Tests to harness and manage, even negative emotions to achieve intended goals.
Among other problems with testing, difficulty forming questions that a minority can solve, when, by definition, deemed emotionally intelligent only when a majority has endorsed them.
Daniel Goleman's model reads emotion and recognizes impact while using gut feeling to guide decision. Control of emotion and impulses, adapting to changing circumstances. To sense, understand and react while comprehending social networks. The ability to inspire, influence and develop others while managing conflict.
Goleman believes emotional skills are not innate talents, but learned capabilities developed for outstanding performance.
As with much testing, good faking can lead to excessive positive bias.
Locke narrows emotional intelligence to grasp abstractions, applied to the particular life domain of emotions.
Antonakis brings up the 'curse of emotion', a too strong sensitivity to emotions causing management problems.
Peter Sifneos coined Alexithymia, an isolation of those who appear to have deficiencies understanding, describing or processing their emotions.
Wikipedia
Monday, January 24, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Lifeworld
In anthropology, the study of people, the German term verstehen means an interpretive process an observer relates and understands another culture.
It roughly translates to a meaningful understanding, putting yourself in other's shoes for their perspective.
Lifeworld is the state of affairs the world is experienced, in which the world is lived. Lifeworld is a grand theater of objects arranged to perceiving subjects. It is already-always there, the ground for all shared human experience. The lifeworld, the horizon of our experiences, the background which our meaningful lives appear. It is not unchanging, but a dynamic horizon we live and lives with us, in that it's experiential.
When a lifeworld has been colonized by an instrumental rationality, by accepting some social norm and distorted communication a legitimate, but unjustified power is assumed. This happens when the means of mediating instrumental ideas gains communicative power, when a group of people are paid to keep quiet during a debate or money is allocated to advertise a social viewpoint. The word colonization implies a steering media toward social consensus not native to the lifeworld- imperialistic.
We are inevitably lifeworldly, we draw from custom and traditions to construct identity, define situations, coordinate action and create social solidarity. This happens in communicative understanding, but also in pragmatic negotiations.
Early feminist movement argued women were isolated from each other, many of women's problems misunderstood as personal or the result of conflict between the sexes, rather than systematic forms of oppression. Raising consciousness means helping yourself and others to become politically conscious.
Marx theorized a false consciousness the result of control the working class is unaware of, or disregard looking to their own possibility and probability of upward mobility.
Ruling elites suffer false consciousness in that they see the social orders they command as predetermined or inevitable.
Early justification theory focused on compensatory stereotypes. Experiments suggested endorsement of 'poor, but happy' or 'rich, but miserable' balanced the gap between low and upper status. These stereotypes preferred by the political left. The political right prefer the non-complimentary stereotypes 'poor and dishonest', 'rich and honest' to turn around inequality, rather than compensate for it.
Wikipedia
In anthropology, the study of people, the German term verstehen means an interpretive process an observer relates and understands another culture.
It roughly translates to a meaningful understanding, putting yourself in other's shoes for their perspective.
Lifeworld is the state of affairs the world is experienced, in which the world is lived. Lifeworld is a grand theater of objects arranged to perceiving subjects. It is already-always there, the ground for all shared human experience. The lifeworld, the horizon of our experiences, the background which our meaningful lives appear. It is not unchanging, but a dynamic horizon we live and lives with us, in that it's experiential.
When a lifeworld has been colonized by an instrumental rationality, by accepting some social norm and distorted communication a legitimate, but unjustified power is assumed. This happens when the means of mediating instrumental ideas gains communicative power, when a group of people are paid to keep quiet during a debate or money is allocated to advertise a social viewpoint. The word colonization implies a steering media toward social consensus not native to the lifeworld- imperialistic.
We are inevitably lifeworldly, we draw from custom and traditions to construct identity, define situations, coordinate action and create social solidarity. This happens in communicative understanding, but also in pragmatic negotiations.
Early feminist movement argued women were isolated from each other, many of women's problems misunderstood as personal or the result of conflict between the sexes, rather than systematic forms of oppression. Raising consciousness means helping yourself and others to become politically conscious.
Marx theorized a false consciousness the result of control the working class is unaware of, or disregard looking to their own possibility and probability of upward mobility.
Ruling elites suffer false consciousness in that they see the social orders they command as predetermined or inevitable.
Early justification theory focused on compensatory stereotypes. Experiments suggested endorsement of 'poor, but happy' or 'rich, but miserable' balanced the gap between low and upper status. These stereotypes preferred by the political left. The political right prefer the non-complimentary stereotypes 'poor and dishonest', 'rich and honest' to turn around inequality, rather than compensate for it.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Disappointment
When things don't turn out the way you planned, that knot in your stomach is disappointment. Similar to regret, stemming from the choices, disappointment is what it can amount to.
Disappointment comes from what you expected. How you take it depends, but some blame others, they get frustrated or are just bummed. A study of children found depression could be in your genes, a slow recovery from disappointment.
An inability to prepare for disappointment, in optimists, can leave them open to sickness, a weakened immune system. While optimists, by and large, show good health disappointment wears them down, in the long run. Because optimists don't have, or use an emotional cushion, they are not prepared for this 'disappointment effect'.
Melanie Klein and Freud said cultures that side step disappointment contribute to an illusion of a perfect life, keeping people from forming a healthy identity.
Disappointment theory claims people look to how things could have been, so that even positive outcomes can let them down. For example, Bell says someone won 10-grand in the lottery, they'd handle it better if that amount was the most they could win, rather than the least. Analysts say people anticipate disappointment to avoid that gut feeling.
This avoidance explains the Allais paradox, people would rather choose a sure reward than risk a higher reward when it was less likely. Go with the sure bet.
Comparable to taking stock dividends, but let down knowing if you would have waited a few more days you could have sold the stock for more.
A Psychology Today article recommends taking concrete steps knowing setbacks are normal, set realistic goals, plan subsequent moves, if-then, seek support and tackle tasks in stages rather than painting the whole shabang red.
Wikipedia
When things don't turn out the way you planned, that knot in your stomach is disappointment. Similar to regret, stemming from the choices, disappointment is what it can amount to.
Disappointment comes from what you expected. How you take it depends, but some blame others, they get frustrated or are just bummed. A study of children found depression could be in your genes, a slow recovery from disappointment.
An inability to prepare for disappointment, in optimists, can leave them open to sickness, a weakened immune system. While optimists, by and large, show good health disappointment wears them down, in the long run. Because optimists don't have, or use an emotional cushion, they are not prepared for this 'disappointment effect'.
Melanie Klein and Freud said cultures that side step disappointment contribute to an illusion of a perfect life, keeping people from forming a healthy identity.
Disappointment theory claims people look to how things could have been, so that even positive outcomes can let them down. For example, Bell says someone won 10-grand in the lottery, they'd handle it better if that amount was the most they could win, rather than the least. Analysts say people anticipate disappointment to avoid that gut feeling.
This avoidance explains the Allais paradox, people would rather choose a sure reward than risk a higher reward when it was less likely. Go with the sure bet.
Comparable to taking stock dividends, but let down knowing if you would have waited a few more days you could have sold the stock for more.
A Psychology Today article recommends taking concrete steps knowing setbacks are normal, set realistic goals, plan subsequent moves, if-then, seek support and tackle tasks in stages rather than painting the whole shabang red.
Wikipedia
Sunday, January 23, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Recognition
Sociological recognition is an acknowledgment of another's status, merits, achievements, virtues, service and so on.
It becomes easier to be accepted into a social process if allowed to fit into a social identity, implying acceptance of a social norm.
At work, appreciating others for great attitudes, individual effort and team contributions builds a good work environment, a great culture.
Employees are recognized through compliments such as broadcasting, telling others and personal recognition, with a thank you or congratulations.
We should not expect everyone gets recognition in the same way. By neglecting other's style, we limit impact and effectiveness working with them.
No one likes insincere recognition, coming out of a need to say something. Have your recognition count by being genuine and sincere.
Time, itself, can mean alot to those who appreciate time given them, a form of recognition.
You're only half there when you're close to someone. Trust is appropriate for those who value proximity.
Knowing each others strengths and weaknesses exceeds the collective sum of individual talents. Once the team understands this, they will trust a leader enough to apply it. The benefits of this understanding should take hold.
Recognizeanother.com
Wikipedia
Sociological recognition is an acknowledgment of another's status, merits, achievements, virtues, service and so on.
It becomes easier to be accepted into a social process if allowed to fit into a social identity, implying acceptance of a social norm.
At work, appreciating others for great attitudes, individual effort and team contributions builds a good work environment, a great culture.
Employees are recognized through compliments such as broadcasting, telling others and personal recognition, with a thank you or congratulations.
We should not expect everyone gets recognition in the same way. By neglecting other's style, we limit impact and effectiveness working with them.
No one likes insincere recognition, coming out of a need to say something. Have your recognition count by being genuine and sincere.
Time, itself, can mean alot to those who appreciate time given them, a form of recognition.
You're only half there when you're close to someone. Trust is appropriate for those who value proximity.
Knowing each others strengths and weaknesses exceeds the collective sum of individual talents. Once the team understands this, they will trust a leader enough to apply it. The benefits of this understanding should take hold.
Recognizeanother.com
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Character masks
Character masks are understood when people 'act out' roles, voluntarily, necessarily or forced. Under the circumstance, true intentions may get masked, things seem other than they are, a public face and private thoughts fork. Activities can have broad social implications that people prefer not know about. Whether they are unaware or surmise, they disconnect from real causes. Even if masking is plain to see, the difference between people and their roles might be unknown.
People are known to wear masks, abandon their masks, engage in a masquerade or become unmasked.
Things get tricky, life can be riddled with contradictions. To alleviate an awkward or difficult moment people have to 'act'. They take on disguises, they hide their true character, they present themselves other than they really are. People can have inklings to what 's going on, though they can't place it. The masks people adopt about an unfamiliar experience might make you wonder, though, you have no reason to believe. Either way, significance is disregarded, downplayed or assimulated to something familiar.
Whether this involves a deliberate deceipt or ruse, depends on true motivation. People might not even know, themselves. Though people depend on others with trust, there is room for deception, people don't want to be gullible, the wool pulled over their eyes.
Karl Marx said we should hold on to a healthy sense of doubt, take things with a grain of salt, in order to not be fooled by what seems obvious or self-evident.
Buyers and sellers compete with their equals. Businesses compete in costs, sales, profits and so much more, its unheard of without confidentiality and secrecy. Workers compete for jobs and access to resources. Capitalists and workers compete for shares in the new wealth. Nations compete with other nations.
Masks are not optional, but necessary. The more you know about others, the more subtle, sincere and sophisticated masks become.
Wikipedia
Character masks are understood when people 'act out' roles, voluntarily, necessarily or forced. Under the circumstance, true intentions may get masked, things seem other than they are, a public face and private thoughts fork. Activities can have broad social implications that people prefer not know about. Whether they are unaware or surmise, they disconnect from real causes. Even if masking is plain to see, the difference between people and their roles might be unknown.
People are known to wear masks, abandon their masks, engage in a masquerade or become unmasked.
Things get tricky, life can be riddled with contradictions. To alleviate an awkward or difficult moment people have to 'act'. They take on disguises, they hide their true character, they present themselves other than they really are. People can have inklings to what 's going on, though they can't place it. The masks people adopt about an unfamiliar experience might make you wonder, though, you have no reason to believe. Either way, significance is disregarded, downplayed or assimulated to something familiar.
Whether this involves a deliberate deceipt or ruse, depends on true motivation. People might not even know, themselves. Though people depend on others with trust, there is room for deception, people don't want to be gullible, the wool pulled over their eyes.
Karl Marx said we should hold on to a healthy sense of doubt, take things with a grain of salt, in order to not be fooled by what seems obvious or self-evident.
Buyers and sellers compete with their equals. Businesses compete in costs, sales, profits and so much more, its unheard of without confidentiality and secrecy. Workers compete for jobs and access to resources. Capitalists and workers compete for shares in the new wealth. Nations compete with other nations.
Masks are not optional, but necessary. The more you know about others, the more subtle, sincere and sophisticated masks become.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Reciprocity
The standard definition of justice shows a connection to reciprocity. Justice includes the idea of fairness, treating similar cases similarly, giving people what they deserve and apportioning all other benefits and burdens in an equitable way. These involve acting in a principled and impartial way, might require sacrifices, not playing favorites.
On individual well-being, people need to stay out of each other's way to pursue interests without interference. This, immediately justifies mutually advantageous rules, but, concern when requiring people disadvantaged by following rules or can get away with disobeying them. The problem becomes showing when its better to follow rules of justice when inconvenient or costly.
Social contract theorists invoke reciprocity. Humans help each other from time to time. If we can arrange a system where all benefits given are returned, in full, that may justify playing by the rules, even if we might have got away with not doing so.
Social well-being contributes to group organization, improving public health, society-wide levels of education, community wealth or individual welfare. Again, concern for sacrifice of welfare for others, especially when discrepancies exist in goals for social improvement.
Here too, reciprocity invoked, limiting the sacrifices required. It'd be strange if the sacrifices were unnecessary, or in vain if they could not be achieved.
Justice based on reciprocity would be ideal to balance individual and social well-being.
John Rawls proposed a 'just savings principle', a consequence of interest in the welfare of their descendants and the agreements fully reciprocal members of society would come to about these things.
The arguement is that families can be grossly unjust, and have been. Since the family is 'the school of justice', if unjust, the moral education of children is distorted, injustice spreads to society at large, perpetuated in following generations. If so, justice and reciprocity must define the boundaries in the pursuit of the most intimate relationships.
Wikipedia
The standard definition of justice shows a connection to reciprocity. Justice includes the idea of fairness, treating similar cases similarly, giving people what they deserve and apportioning all other benefits and burdens in an equitable way. These involve acting in a principled and impartial way, might require sacrifices, not playing favorites.
On individual well-being, people need to stay out of each other's way to pursue interests without interference. This, immediately justifies mutually advantageous rules, but, concern when requiring people disadvantaged by following rules or can get away with disobeying them. The problem becomes showing when its better to follow rules of justice when inconvenient or costly.
Social contract theorists invoke reciprocity. Humans help each other from time to time. If we can arrange a system where all benefits given are returned, in full, that may justify playing by the rules, even if we might have got away with not doing so.
Social well-being contributes to group organization, improving public health, society-wide levels of education, community wealth or individual welfare. Again, concern for sacrifice of welfare for others, especially when discrepancies exist in goals for social improvement.
Here too, reciprocity invoked, limiting the sacrifices required. It'd be strange if the sacrifices were unnecessary, or in vain if they could not be achieved.
Justice based on reciprocity would be ideal to balance individual and social well-being.
John Rawls proposed a 'just savings principle', a consequence of interest in the welfare of their descendants and the agreements fully reciprocal members of society would come to about these things.
The arguement is that families can be grossly unjust, and have been. Since the family is 'the school of justice', if unjust, the moral education of children is distorted, injustice spreads to society at large, perpetuated in following generations. If so, justice and reciprocity must define the boundaries in the pursuit of the most intimate relationships.
Wikipedia
Saturday, January 22, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Control freak
In psychology related slang a control freak tries to dictate how everything around them is done. Psychologist Les Parrott says they care more than you do about something and won't stop being pushy to get their way.
The control freak sees their constant intervention beneficial, even necessary. This caused by feelings of superiority, believing others incapable of handling matters properly. They might simply enjoy the feeling of power, they automatically try to gain control of everything around them. Corporate control freaks publicly scold inferiors in front of everyone.
Narcissistic leadership is common. Its driven by unyielding arrogance, self-absorption and a personal egotistic need for power and admiration.
A journal study finds when a group is without a leader, you can count on a narcissist to take charge. Freud considered the narcissist to act as a support, to take on the role of the leaders. He impresses others to being personalities, to look to find, in the narcissist, all you are lacking , as if we envied them for having the blissful state of mind- an unassailable instinctive position, we ourselves, have since abandoned.
Narcissistic leadership is not about originals, only reproductions. The narcissitic leader prefers the sparkle and glamour of well-orchestrated illusions to the tedium and method of real accomplishment. This leads, inevitably, to a deterioration in the organization's performance, though they spout company loyalty, are only commited to their own agendas.
The borderline personality can not integrate good and bad images of both, self and others. Those with this disorder have a good representation dominated by a bad one, experience love and sexuality in perverse, violent qualities, not able to integrate with the tender, intimate side of relationships.
Narcissitic personality disorder use 'splitting', one of several defense mechanisms. By viewing themselves purely good, others seen to not amount to much, their self-esteem is preserved.
A split of the ego into a superficial part that knows the truth and a deeper part that denies it... may be common to all.
Wikipedia
In psychology related slang a control freak tries to dictate how everything around them is done. Psychologist Les Parrott says they care more than you do about something and won't stop being pushy to get their way.
The control freak sees their constant intervention beneficial, even necessary. This caused by feelings of superiority, believing others incapable of handling matters properly. They might simply enjoy the feeling of power, they automatically try to gain control of everything around them. Corporate control freaks publicly scold inferiors in front of everyone.
Narcissistic leadership is common. Its driven by unyielding arrogance, self-absorption and a personal egotistic need for power and admiration.
A journal study finds when a group is without a leader, you can count on a narcissist to take charge. Freud considered the narcissist to act as a support, to take on the role of the leaders. He impresses others to being personalities, to look to find, in the narcissist, all you are lacking , as if we envied them for having the blissful state of mind- an unassailable instinctive position, we ourselves, have since abandoned.
Narcissistic leadership is not about originals, only reproductions. The narcissitic leader prefers the sparkle and glamour of well-orchestrated illusions to the tedium and method of real accomplishment. This leads, inevitably, to a deterioration in the organization's performance, though they spout company loyalty, are only commited to their own agendas.
The borderline personality can not integrate good and bad images of both, self and others. Those with this disorder have a good representation dominated by a bad one, experience love and sexuality in perverse, violent qualities, not able to integrate with the tender, intimate side of relationships.
Narcissitic personality disorder use 'splitting', one of several defense mechanisms. By viewing themselves purely good, others seen to not amount to much, their self-esteem is preserved.
A split of the ego into a superficial part that knows the truth and a deeper part that denies it... may be common to all.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Con game
A con game is an attempt to defraud someone by gaining their confidence. Con people exploit elements of the psyche; greed, vanity, compassion, irresponsibility, naivete, using honesty and dishonesty. They try to get something valuable for nothing or for something far less valuable. Con people have victimized people from all walks of life.
Just as there is no one profile for swindlers, neither is one for victims. Victims of high-yield investment frauds might show more greed than caution. Not all fraud victims are greedy, risk-taking or self-deceptive, looking to make a quick dollar. Nor are they all naive, uneducated and elderly.
A malignant narcissist gets higher levels of gratification from accomplishments over time. These individuals worsen in impulse controls and desires, over time.
Otto Kernberg describes the narcissim a syndrome exhibiting antisocial features, paranoid traits and aggressive behavior, consistent with their personality. Other symptoms are an absence of conscience, a psychological need for power and a grandiose sense of importance. Pollock adds demonstration of joyful cruelty and sadism.
In vignettes found in The Mask of Sanity, Hervey Cleckly, Md. describes typical psychopathic behavior; the ability to tell vivid, plausible life-like stories that are complete fabrications without a flinch of delusion. When confronted with a lie, the psychopath is unbothered and can, often, effortlessly pass it off as a joke. In another case, the psychopath is hospitalized, but because of his trouble-making antics, is turned over to the police, leaving the hospital in an uproar. The police get sick of his repeated tricks and try to push him back to the hospital.
Robert D. Hare describes psychopaths as 'intraspecies predators' who use charm, manipulation, intimidation, sex and violence to control others and to satisfy their own selfish needs. Lacking in conscience and empathy, they take what they want, do what they please, violate social norms and expectations without guilt or remorse. All that is missing are the life qualities to live in social harmony.
Wikipedia
A con game is an attempt to defraud someone by gaining their confidence. Con people exploit elements of the psyche; greed, vanity, compassion, irresponsibility, naivete, using honesty and dishonesty. They try to get something valuable for nothing or for something far less valuable. Con people have victimized people from all walks of life.
Just as there is no one profile for swindlers, neither is one for victims. Victims of high-yield investment frauds might show more greed than caution. Not all fraud victims are greedy, risk-taking or self-deceptive, looking to make a quick dollar. Nor are they all naive, uneducated and elderly.
A malignant narcissist gets higher levels of gratification from accomplishments over time. These individuals worsen in impulse controls and desires, over time.
Otto Kernberg describes the narcissim a syndrome exhibiting antisocial features, paranoid traits and aggressive behavior, consistent with their personality. Other symptoms are an absence of conscience, a psychological need for power and a grandiose sense of importance. Pollock adds demonstration of joyful cruelty and sadism.
In vignettes found in The Mask of Sanity, Hervey Cleckly, Md. describes typical psychopathic behavior; the ability to tell vivid, plausible life-like stories that are complete fabrications without a flinch of delusion. When confronted with a lie, the psychopath is unbothered and can, often, effortlessly pass it off as a joke. In another case, the psychopath is hospitalized, but because of his trouble-making antics, is turned over to the police, leaving the hospital in an uproar. The police get sick of his repeated tricks and try to push him back to the hospital.
Robert D. Hare describes psychopaths as 'intraspecies predators' who use charm, manipulation, intimidation, sex and violence to control others and to satisfy their own selfish needs. Lacking in conscience and empathy, they take what they want, do what they please, violate social norms and expectations without guilt or remorse. All that is missing are the life qualities to live in social harmony.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Boldness
Boldness is an opposite of being shy. A bold one may risk shame or rejection and be willing to bend the rules of ettiquette and politeness. An excessively bold person could aggressively ask for money or nag someone to do something for them. Boldness doesn't always mean obnoxious; it's possible to be bold, while silent. Excessive boldness can be seen as inappropriate or arrogant. Sheer boldness can be seen as a willingness to get things done, despite the risks, synonymous with bravery.
Boldness, not always taken rashly, can be big step in social development.
Boldness can mean shameless as punished for being disrespectful. This is common in Ireland.
Physical courage is done in the face of physical pain, hardship or the threat of death. Moral courage is the ability to act rightly in the face of opposition, shame, scandal or discouragement.
Aristotle defines a shortage of courage being cowardice, the excess being recklessness.
Virtuous pagan heroism interpreted in trusting your own strength. Jacob Grimm's quote:
"Men, who turned away, in utter disgust, doubtful of heathen faith, relied on their own strength and virtue, in themselves they trusted."
Physical bravery involves action, despite the chance of getting hurt. Moral bravery enhances the idea of being good, regardless of social disapproval or backlash. A new definition; overcoming addicting habits, irrational tendencies and harmful dependent relationships.
Someone high in preseverance can overcome low self-esteem, challenge of incompetence and thrown off by your friends with the desire to present yourself well.
Positive psychologists say honesty and authenticity are more than, simply, telling the truth. It involves integrity in critical areas of your life, to be true to yourself and your role in the world, across the board.
Wikipedia
Boldness is an opposite of being shy. A bold one may risk shame or rejection and be willing to bend the rules of ettiquette and politeness. An excessively bold person could aggressively ask for money or nag someone to do something for them. Boldness doesn't always mean obnoxious; it's possible to be bold, while silent. Excessive boldness can be seen as inappropriate or arrogant. Sheer boldness can be seen as a willingness to get things done, despite the risks, synonymous with bravery.
Boldness, not always taken rashly, can be big step in social development.
Boldness can mean shameless as punished for being disrespectful. This is common in Ireland.
Physical courage is done in the face of physical pain, hardship or the threat of death. Moral courage is the ability to act rightly in the face of opposition, shame, scandal or discouragement.
Aristotle defines a shortage of courage being cowardice, the excess being recklessness.
Virtuous pagan heroism interpreted in trusting your own strength. Jacob Grimm's quote:
"Men, who turned away, in utter disgust, doubtful of heathen faith, relied on their own strength and virtue, in themselves they trusted."
Physical bravery involves action, despite the chance of getting hurt. Moral bravery enhances the idea of being good, regardless of social disapproval or backlash. A new definition; overcoming addicting habits, irrational tendencies and harmful dependent relationships.
Someone high in preseverance can overcome low self-esteem, challenge of incompetence and thrown off by your friends with the desire to present yourself well.
Positive psychologists say honesty and authenticity are more than, simply, telling the truth. It involves integrity in critical areas of your life, to be true to yourself and your role in the world, across the board.
Wikipedia
Friday, January 21, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Regression
Regression is a Freudian defense mechanism of the ego's reversion to an earlier stage of development, rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way. In regression, thoughts are pushed back from consciousness to unconsciousness.
Anna Freud suggested people act out behaviors from the psychosexual stage they are fixated in.
A phobia is a reactive formation. The person wants what he fears. He's not afraid of the object, he's afraid of the wish for the object. The reactive fear keeps the dreaded wish from being fulfilled.
Reaction formation is characteristic of obsessional neuroses. During the formation of the ego, if overused, the mechanism becomes a permanent character trait.
When someone can not deal with the demands of desires and reality, anxiety develops. To protect ourselves from anxiety, reactive formations are developed. They involve adopting opposite feelings or behavior. They'd treat a loved one as a hated enemy. Another example, two people, really fond of each other, fight all the time to suppress their desire of love for each other. This also happens when there is a failure of acceptance the other is really important to them. To suppress their feelings, they might try to hate or fight to avoid the anxiety of not having them around.
Wikipedia
Regression is a Freudian defense mechanism of the ego's reversion to an earlier stage of development, rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way. In regression, thoughts are pushed back from consciousness to unconsciousness.
Anna Freud suggested people act out behaviors from the psychosexual stage they are fixated in.
A phobia is a reactive formation. The person wants what he fears. He's not afraid of the object, he's afraid of the wish for the object. The reactive fear keeps the dreaded wish from being fulfilled.
Reaction formation is characteristic of obsessional neuroses. During the formation of the ego, if overused, the mechanism becomes a permanent character trait.
When someone can not deal with the demands of desires and reality, anxiety develops. To protect ourselves from anxiety, reactive formations are developed. They involve adopting opposite feelings or behavior. They'd treat a loved one as a hated enemy. Another example, two people, really fond of each other, fight all the time to suppress their desire of love for each other. This also happens when there is a failure of acceptance the other is really important to them. To suppress their feelings, they might try to hate or fight to avoid the anxiety of not having them around.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Disappointment
I am disappointed in myself.
I remember how my daughter spilled cherry punch, at dinner. I yelled at her about being careful, as if she revealed a deep character flaw; even though I spill things, all the time, no one yells at me. I yelled at her because I'm big , she's little and I can get away with it. Then I saw that look of hurt and confusion. I knew then there was a tiny wound on her heart and I put it there. I wished I could have taken back those last sixty seconds.
This is one of many disappointments. Sometimes, although I'm aware of how far I fall short, it doesn't even bother me very much. I am disappointed at my lack of disappointment.
John Ortberg
The Life You Always Wanted
I am disappointed in myself.
I remember how my daughter spilled cherry punch, at dinner. I yelled at her about being careful, as if she revealed a deep character flaw; even though I spill things, all the time, no one yells at me. I yelled at her because I'm big , she's little and I can get away with it. Then I saw that look of hurt and confusion. I knew then there was a tiny wound on her heart and I put it there. I wished I could have taken back those last sixty seconds.
This is one of many disappointments. Sometimes, although I'm aware of how far I fall short, it doesn't even bother me very much. I am disappointed at my lack of disappointment.
John Ortberg
The Life You Always Wanted
God forbade...must reading!
Cotard delusion
The Cotard delusion or Walking Corpse syndrome is the delusional belief you're dead, are dying or lost internal organs.
Jules Cotard described the syndrome having degrees of severity. A mild state characterized by despair and self-loathing.
Similar to Capgras delusion, a disconnect between recognizing faces and attributing emotions to them. Its the sense an observed face is not what it purports to be and lacks familiarity that should be associated with it. They see a relative's face as an impostor. If they see their own face, it's dismissed, with no association with their sense of self, adding to the sense they do not exist.
Because chronic self-concepts and self-esteem are vital in understanding the world, providing a sense of coherence and guiding action, people are motivated to keep them by self-verification.
There are individual differences in people's view of themselves. Positive self-views work with the motive for self-enhancement. For example, those who see themselves as 'insightful' encourage them to seek evidence that others recognize their insightfulness.
Negative self-views find betterment competing. Consider someone disorganized. Self-enhancement would cause him to look for assurance they are thought of as organized, when they'd, really, look to find others think of them disorganized. Self-verification prevails when people are, either, certain of self-concepts or they are depressed.
Self-verification strivings have undesirable consequences for those depressed or with negative self-views. They are drawn to gravitate toward partners who undermine their feelings of self-worth, people who mistreat, or, otherwise, abuse them.
Self-verification theory suggests people shape opinion before they begin interacting with them. Identity cues, impressions, and their management contribute to signals sent to prospective partners.
Self-verification influences the social context people get into and stay in. People reject those who give feedback that does not conform to their self-view. For example, married people with negative views reject partners who see them positively, and vice-versa. Divorce is more common among those whose partners perceived them too favorably. People gravitate toward relationships that confirmed self-views and fled from those that did not.
Wikipedia
The Cotard delusion or Walking Corpse syndrome is the delusional belief you're dead, are dying or lost internal organs.
Jules Cotard described the syndrome having degrees of severity. A mild state characterized by despair and self-loathing.
Similar to Capgras delusion, a disconnect between recognizing faces and attributing emotions to them. Its the sense an observed face is not what it purports to be and lacks familiarity that should be associated with it. They see a relative's face as an impostor. If they see their own face, it's dismissed, with no association with their sense of self, adding to the sense they do not exist.
Because chronic self-concepts and self-esteem are vital in understanding the world, providing a sense of coherence and guiding action, people are motivated to keep them by self-verification.
There are individual differences in people's view of themselves. Positive self-views work with the motive for self-enhancement. For example, those who see themselves as 'insightful' encourage them to seek evidence that others recognize their insightfulness.
Negative self-views find betterment competing. Consider someone disorganized. Self-enhancement would cause him to look for assurance they are thought of as organized, when they'd, really, look to find others think of them disorganized. Self-verification prevails when people are, either, certain of self-concepts or they are depressed.
Self-verification strivings have undesirable consequences for those depressed or with negative self-views. They are drawn to gravitate toward partners who undermine their feelings of self-worth, people who mistreat, or, otherwise, abuse them.
Self-verification theory suggests people shape opinion before they begin interacting with them. Identity cues, impressions, and their management contribute to signals sent to prospective partners.
Self-verification influences the social context people get into and stay in. People reject those who give feedback that does not conform to their self-view. For example, married people with negative views reject partners who see them positively, and vice-versa. Divorce is more common among those whose partners perceived them too favorably. People gravitate toward relationships that confirmed self-views and fled from those that did not.
Wikipedia
Thursday, January 20, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Attribution
Attribution is a concept in social psychology to explain causes of events in other's and your own behavior.
Fritz Heider argues an average person makes casual inferences why things happen. Inferences become beliefs to understand and predict things they observe and experience.
In the spotlight effect people assume certain features and behaviors are more important than they really are. The spotlight effect being the tendency to believe other's are paying closer attention to your appearance and behavior than they really are.
The correspondence bias leans toward people's behavior matches their personality. The bias not only infers internal causes for behavior, but concludes the causes are stable personality characteristics.
Error in attribution, not to individuals, but to whole groups. The assumption of positive charactertic of behavioral cause in favored ingroups and negative characteristic causing behavior of disfavored outgroups is seen as the ultimate attribution error.
People make attributions in line with 'bad things happen to bad people' and, of course, 'good things happen to good people' to protect self-esteem and prevent feeling vulnerable. This is known as 'a just-world' hypothesis.
Unrealistic optimism, a defensive attribution people think positive things are more likely to happen to them than others. Negative things are less likely to happen to them than their peers. Serious consideration for this self-serving prevalence, a general motivational desire to keep self-esteem.
Heider argues people are intuitive psychologists employing naive theories or using commonsense about the world and people.
At times, people are not sure why things happened, which threatens their ability to control and predict events.
Wikipedia
Attribution is a concept in social psychology to explain causes of events in other's and your own behavior.
Fritz Heider argues an average person makes casual inferences why things happen. Inferences become beliefs to understand and predict things they observe and experience.
In the spotlight effect people assume certain features and behaviors are more important than they really are. The spotlight effect being the tendency to believe other's are paying closer attention to your appearance and behavior than they really are.
The correspondence bias leans toward people's behavior matches their personality. The bias not only infers internal causes for behavior, but concludes the causes are stable personality characteristics.
Error in attribution, not to individuals, but to whole groups. The assumption of positive charactertic of behavioral cause in favored ingroups and negative characteristic causing behavior of disfavored outgroups is seen as the ultimate attribution error.
People make attributions in line with 'bad things happen to bad people' and, of course, 'good things happen to good people' to protect self-esteem and prevent feeling vulnerable. This is known as 'a just-world' hypothesis.
Unrealistic optimism, a defensive attribution people think positive things are more likely to happen to them than others. Negative things are less likely to happen to them than their peers. Serious consideration for this self-serving prevalence, a general motivational desire to keep self-esteem.
Heider argues people are intuitive psychologists employing naive theories or using commonsense about the world and people.
At times, people are not sure why things happened, which threatens their ability to control and predict events.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Ambiversion
Ambiversion is a balance of extroverted and introverted tendencies. Its a term to describe people who fall in the middle of comparison. An ambivert is comfortable with groups, enjoys social interaction, but values time alone and away from the crowd.
Extroverts are gregarious, assertive and seek excitement. Extroversion is concerned with finding gratification outside of yourself. Extroverts enjoy human interaction, are enthusiastic and talkative.
Introversion is primarily concerned with interest in your own life. Introvert's energy expands in reflection and dwindles in interaction. Introverts are more reserved, less outspoken in large groups.
An extrovert finds pleasure in large social gatherings, parties or political groups. Extroverts are drawn to sales, teaching and brokering. An extrovert enjoys time spent with others and find less reward in time alone. They are more energized around other people and are prone to boredom when alone.
Introverts take pleasure in solitary activity, reading, writing, watching movies and the reserved activity of fishing, hiking. Introverts are free from formalities of social conduct. In choosing a companion, trust is important to the introvert. Introverts are easily overwhelmed by excessive stimulation in engagements or social gatherings. They are more analytical before speaking or participating, not to be confused with the shy or social outcast.
Hans Eysenck describes ambiversion the degree one is outgoing and interactive.
He originally suggested extroversion a combination of impulsiveness and sociability. He later added liveliness, level of activity, excitability, further linked to habitual responses, like, partying on the weekend.
Wikipedia
Ambiversion is a balance of extroverted and introverted tendencies. Its a term to describe people who fall in the middle of comparison. An ambivert is comfortable with groups, enjoys social interaction, but values time alone and away from the crowd.
Extroverts are gregarious, assertive and seek excitement. Extroversion is concerned with finding gratification outside of yourself. Extroverts enjoy human interaction, are enthusiastic and talkative.
Introversion is primarily concerned with interest in your own life. Introvert's energy expands in reflection and dwindles in interaction. Introverts are more reserved, less outspoken in large groups.
An extrovert finds pleasure in large social gatherings, parties or political groups. Extroverts are drawn to sales, teaching and brokering. An extrovert enjoys time spent with others and find less reward in time alone. They are more energized around other people and are prone to boredom when alone.
Introverts take pleasure in solitary activity, reading, writing, watching movies and the reserved activity of fishing, hiking. Introverts are free from formalities of social conduct. In choosing a companion, trust is important to the introvert. Introverts are easily overwhelmed by excessive stimulation in engagements or social gatherings. They are more analytical before speaking or participating, not to be confused with the shy or social outcast.
Hans Eysenck describes ambiversion the degree one is outgoing and interactive.
He originally suggested extroversion a combination of impulsiveness and sociability. He later added liveliness, level of activity, excitability, further linked to habitual responses, like, partying on the weekend.
Wikipedia
Wednesday, January 19, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Shadow
"It's not so much a problem with you, as for your shadow."
In Jungian psychology, the shadow is from the unconscious mind, repressed weaknesses, shortcomings and instincts. Jung wrote,
"Everyone carries a shadow, the less acknowledged in your conscious life, the blacker and denser it is."
Jung says the shadow is instinctive and irrational, prone to projection, turning a personal inferiority into a perceived moral deficiency in someone else. These projections insulate and cripple by forming an ever thicker fog of illusion between the ego and the real world.
Jung believed the shadow, not only a reservoir of darkness, but, in some, could be the seat of creativity. Their shadow represents the 'true spirit of life against the arid scholar'.
He says the shadow can personify everything someone refuses to acknowledge about himself.
It is a 'tight passage', a narrow door, no one spared the painful constriction. On becoming aware of the shadow, comes shame of qualities and impulses denied in himself, but plainly seen in others, such as egotism, mental laziness and sloppiness, unreal fantasies, schemes, plots, carelessness and cowardice, an inordinate love of money and possessions, the unending and painful life's work of self-education.
The dissolution of the persona and launch of the individuation process brings with it the danger of falling victim to the shadow.
Jung says the shadow can overwhelm, the conscious mind is shocked, confused or paralyzed by indecision. Someone possessed by his shadow is always standing in his own light and falling into his own traps, living below his level. In terms of the Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde story, it's the Jeckyll, or conscious personality, who must integrate the shadow, and not vice versa. Otherwise the conscious becomes the slave of the autonomous shadow. Deindividuation raises the possibility.
In the process, the ego and shadow come together, in an admittedly precarious unity. Jung says first is a dead balance, a standstill in moral decisiveness with ineffective convictions. Genuine courage and strength are required with no assurances. He says no one should deny the danger of descent, its followed by an ascent, the shadow at hand, rather than in control.
Jung says this happens when an extreme, one-sided tendency dominates conscious life, a counterposition builds. Initially, conscious performance is inhibited, but conscious control predominates. Understanding acts like a lifesaver. The shadow's assimulation gives body, so to speak, provides a launching pad for further individuation.
Jungians warn work on the shadow is a life process, the grim task of
'washing your own dirty laundry, in private'.
Wikipedia
"It's not so much a problem with you, as for your shadow."
In Jungian psychology, the shadow is from the unconscious mind, repressed weaknesses, shortcomings and instincts. Jung wrote,
"Everyone carries a shadow, the less acknowledged in your conscious life, the blacker and denser it is."
Jung says the shadow is instinctive and irrational, prone to projection, turning a personal inferiority into a perceived moral deficiency in someone else. These projections insulate and cripple by forming an ever thicker fog of illusion between the ego and the real world.
Jung believed the shadow, not only a reservoir of darkness, but, in some, could be the seat of creativity. Their shadow represents the 'true spirit of life against the arid scholar'.
He says the shadow can personify everything someone refuses to acknowledge about himself.
It is a 'tight passage', a narrow door, no one spared the painful constriction. On becoming aware of the shadow, comes shame of qualities and impulses denied in himself, but plainly seen in others, such as egotism, mental laziness and sloppiness, unreal fantasies, schemes, plots, carelessness and cowardice, an inordinate love of money and possessions, the unending and painful life's work of self-education.
The dissolution of the persona and launch of the individuation process brings with it the danger of falling victim to the shadow.
Jung says the shadow can overwhelm, the conscious mind is shocked, confused or paralyzed by indecision. Someone possessed by his shadow is always standing in his own light and falling into his own traps, living below his level. In terms of the Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde story, it's the Jeckyll, or conscious personality, who must integrate the shadow, and not vice versa. Otherwise the conscious becomes the slave of the autonomous shadow. Deindividuation raises the possibility.
In the process, the ego and shadow come together, in an admittedly precarious unity. Jung says first is a dead balance, a standstill in moral decisiveness with ineffective convictions. Genuine courage and strength are required with no assurances. He says no one should deny the danger of descent, its followed by an ascent, the shadow at hand, rather than in control.
Jung says this happens when an extreme, one-sided tendency dominates conscious life, a counterposition builds. Initially, conscious performance is inhibited, but conscious control predominates. Understanding acts like a lifesaver. The shadow's assimulation gives body, so to speak, provides a launching pad for further individuation.
Jungians warn work on the shadow is a life process, the grim task of
'washing your own dirty laundry, in private'.
Wikipedia
Monday, January 17, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Crowd manipulation
Crowd manipulation can be viewed as a tool of 'soft power', to get what you want through attraction, rather than coersion or payments.
The Father of Public Relations, Edward Bernays believed public manipulation is not only moral, but necessary. He argued,
"a small, invisible government who understands the mass' mental processes and social patterns, rules public opinion by consent."
This prevents chaos and confusion and assists in the division of labor. The voice of the people expresses the mind of the people. That mind is made up by those who believe and understand the manipulation of public opinion.
Morton C. Blackwell says being right, in the sense of being correct is not enough to win. Political technology determines political success. Learn to organize and communicate. Most political technology is philosophically neutral. You owe it to your philosophy to study how to win.
Gustave LeBon says under circumstances, and only then, a group of people presents different characteristics than those of individuals composing the group. Though sentiments and ideas of all gathered take the same direction, their conscious personality dissipates. A collective mind is formed, doubtless transitory, presenting clearly defined characteristics.
Clifford Stott differs from LeBons' 'submergence' quality; individual consciousness giving way to crowd unconsciousness. Stott considers the effect of policing on the crowd.
He warns the indiscrimate use of force creates a redefined sense of unity, in reaction and opposition to the illegitimacy of police force. Despite an initial hesitancy among original members, the crowd could be drawn into conflict.
To capitalize on historical context, its essential a thorough analysis of the audience is warranted to understand the desires, fears, concerns and biases of the target crowd.
The crowd manipulator and propogandist work together for collective results. Bernays says the propogandist must prepare his target group to think about and 'anticipate' a message, before it is delivered. Messages to be 'tested', in advance; an ineffective message is worse than no message.
Direct propoganda meant to modify opinions and attitudes is preceded by social propoganda for a slow, general character development to create a climate or atmosphere of favorable attitudes. Jacques Ellul says no direct propoganda can succeed without pre-propoganda. Sociological propoganda compared to 'plowing', direct propoganda to 'sowing'. The latter can't be done without the former.
The crowd manipulator then prepares to 'harvest' his crop.
The manipulator may be a speaker, an athlete, musician or group, someone who moves the crowd to a point of agreement before making a specific call to action. Aristotle said the manipulator's credibility contributed to his persuasiveness.
This entity uses 'prestige', a form of domination. An acquired prestige may come from a job title, a uniform or judge's robe. Personal prestige from inner strength. Personal prestige likened to the 'taming of the tiger', who could easily devour him! This prestigious manipulator 'paralyzes' the critical faculty of the crowd and commands respect and awe. From prestige comes authority.
Le Bon says success is critical in affecting personal prestige. To influence, the manipulator cannot be too far removed from his audience, his example not out of reach.
The minute prestige is called into question, it's no longer prestige.
Wikipedia
Crowd manipulation can be viewed as a tool of 'soft power', to get what you want through attraction, rather than coersion or payments.
The Father of Public Relations, Edward Bernays believed public manipulation is not only moral, but necessary. He argued,
"a small, invisible government who understands the mass' mental processes and social patterns, rules public opinion by consent."
This prevents chaos and confusion and assists in the division of labor. The voice of the people expresses the mind of the people. That mind is made up by those who believe and understand the manipulation of public opinion.
Morton C. Blackwell says being right, in the sense of being correct is not enough to win. Political technology determines political success. Learn to organize and communicate. Most political technology is philosophically neutral. You owe it to your philosophy to study how to win.
Gustave LeBon says under circumstances, and only then, a group of people presents different characteristics than those of individuals composing the group. Though sentiments and ideas of all gathered take the same direction, their conscious personality dissipates. A collective mind is formed, doubtless transitory, presenting clearly defined characteristics.
Clifford Stott differs from LeBons' 'submergence' quality; individual consciousness giving way to crowd unconsciousness. Stott considers the effect of policing on the crowd.
He warns the indiscrimate use of force creates a redefined sense of unity, in reaction and opposition to the illegitimacy of police force. Despite an initial hesitancy among original members, the crowd could be drawn into conflict.
To capitalize on historical context, its essential a thorough analysis of the audience is warranted to understand the desires, fears, concerns and biases of the target crowd.
The crowd manipulator and propogandist work together for collective results. Bernays says the propogandist must prepare his target group to think about and 'anticipate' a message, before it is delivered. Messages to be 'tested', in advance; an ineffective message is worse than no message.
Direct propoganda meant to modify opinions and attitudes is preceded by social propoganda for a slow, general character development to create a climate or atmosphere of favorable attitudes. Jacques Ellul says no direct propoganda can succeed without pre-propoganda. Sociological propoganda compared to 'plowing', direct propoganda to 'sowing'. The latter can't be done without the former.
The crowd manipulator then prepares to 'harvest' his crop.
The manipulator may be a speaker, an athlete, musician or group, someone who moves the crowd to a point of agreement before making a specific call to action. Aristotle said the manipulator's credibility contributed to his persuasiveness.
This entity uses 'prestige', a form of domination. An acquired prestige may come from a job title, a uniform or judge's robe. Personal prestige from inner strength. Personal prestige likened to the 'taming of the tiger', who could easily devour him! This prestigious manipulator 'paralyzes' the critical faculty of the crowd and commands respect and awe. From prestige comes authority.
Le Bon says success is critical in affecting personal prestige. To influence, the manipulator cannot be too far removed from his audience, his example not out of reach.
The minute prestige is called into question, it's no longer prestige.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
God Speaks
My foolish notion is that those who direct us too exactly based on what happened to them rob us of surprise and wonder, restrict us by their frames. In our desperation, we often collude. No matter. This, too, passes. For the Lord comes as a thief in the night.
At one extreme, many people completely shy away from freedom. Instead, I angrily think, they cling to rules, intellectualize, honor convention more than God's open love.
Less extreme, most of us postpone our own true good, seeing that we must live in wilderness, in unfamiliar terriory- Reality. But, whether by emotionless, increasing entry or by a violent upheaval, high feeling, surely we can learn to be as God simply is. Haven't we been specially invited - by birth and his creation- specially addressed?
Sometimes, so addressed, we stumble in, without desire, device or premeditation, while fishing, doing the laundry, tuning up the car or in prayer or meditation. We, too, through unmerited favor, can be reborn.
Who Speaks?
Marsha Sinetar
Love of God- Shields and Carlson
My foolish notion is that those who direct us too exactly based on what happened to them rob us of surprise and wonder, restrict us by their frames. In our desperation, we often collude. No matter. This, too, passes. For the Lord comes as a thief in the night.
At one extreme, many people completely shy away from freedom. Instead, I angrily think, they cling to rules, intellectualize, honor convention more than God's open love.
Less extreme, most of us postpone our own true good, seeing that we must live in wilderness, in unfamiliar terriory- Reality. But, whether by emotionless, increasing entry or by a violent upheaval, high feeling, surely we can learn to be as God simply is. Haven't we been specially invited - by birth and his creation- specially addressed?
Sometimes, so addressed, we stumble in, without desire, device or premeditation, while fishing, doing the laundry, tuning up the car or in prayer or meditation. We, too, through unmerited favor, can be reborn.
Who Speaks?
Marsha Sinetar
Love of God- Shields and Carlson
Sunday, January 16, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Telepresense, Astral projection
Telepresence refers to a set of technologies that make someone feel they are in another location.
Telepresence requires the stimuli of the senses to give the feeling of being elsewhere. The remote location, itself, can be affected. The user's position, movements, actions, voice, and so on, are sensed, transmitted and duplicated in the remote location. Information may travel between the user and the remote location.
The idea of astral travel is rooted in religious accounts of the afterlife. The soul's journey, or assent is described as an 'out of body' experience. The spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in his astral body into higher realms. Its associated with near death experience, with sleep and dreams and forms of meditation.
Its attempted, for its own sake, as a form of spiritual practice. It can involve travel to higher realms called astral planes. Its common as an out of body experience, but even seeing your own body from above or outside.
Soul Travel is the belief that when you sleep, the soul leaves the body and seeks spiritual lessons in the soul planes, or heaven. This is key in the Eckankar religion. They believe there are many different temples that souls go to in higher planes to learn their religion.
Wikipedia
Telepresence refers to a set of technologies that make someone feel they are in another location.
Telepresence requires the stimuli of the senses to give the feeling of being elsewhere. The remote location, itself, can be affected. The user's position, movements, actions, voice, and so on, are sensed, transmitted and duplicated in the remote location. Information may travel between the user and the remote location.
The idea of astral travel is rooted in religious accounts of the afterlife. The soul's journey, or assent is described as an 'out of body' experience. The spiritual traveller leaves the physical body and travels in his astral body into higher realms. Its associated with near death experience, with sleep and dreams and forms of meditation.
Its attempted, for its own sake, as a form of spiritual practice. It can involve travel to higher realms called astral planes. Its common as an out of body experience, but even seeing your own body from above or outside.
Soul Travel is the belief that when you sleep, the soul leaves the body and seeks spiritual lessons in the soul planes, or heaven. This is key in the Eckankar religion. They believe there are many different temples that souls go to in higher planes to learn their religion.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Acting Up, Out
Acting out is a psychological term for defense mechanisms and self-control. Its usually anti-social, taking the form of a drug-addiction, alcoholism or shoplifting and meant to draw attention.
Acting up is a conscious, deliberate misbehaving.
Temper tantrums, among children, can be seen as acting out. They are an effective way to alert parents to their needs, including attention.
The danger is presuming someone acting inappropriately is driven by an unconscious inner conflict when, in fact, they're immature and irresponsible, but, fully aware and perfectly able to control themselves.
Ideally, children replace attention gathering strategies with socially acceptable and constructive communications. In adolescense, such behavior is seen as a 'cry for help'. The young person may seem disruptive, and, may be so, but are unlikely to control their emotions in any better way.
Misperceiving the nature of circumstances is, likely, the way people end up abused by others.
Denial is another frequently misused term. Often the logic is flawed in the construction of research and in the interpretation of results, as well. So says Dr. George Simon.
Simon says (no pun) unscrupulous people do their homework to get the best of you.
Among Simon's tools of empowerment are accepting no excuses for inappropriate behavior and judging actions instead of intentions. He goes on to encourage holding people accountable to being and expecting direct communcation and not be lured off the message by diversionary, evasive tactics.
Wikipedia
Acting out is a psychological term for defense mechanisms and self-control. Its usually anti-social, taking the form of a drug-addiction, alcoholism or shoplifting and meant to draw attention.
Acting up is a conscious, deliberate misbehaving.
Temper tantrums, among children, can be seen as acting out. They are an effective way to alert parents to their needs, including attention.
The danger is presuming someone acting inappropriately is driven by an unconscious inner conflict when, in fact, they're immature and irresponsible, but, fully aware and perfectly able to control themselves.
Ideally, children replace attention gathering strategies with socially acceptable and constructive communications. In adolescense, such behavior is seen as a 'cry for help'. The young person may seem disruptive, and, may be so, but are unlikely to control their emotions in any better way.
Misperceiving the nature of circumstances is, likely, the way people end up abused by others.
Denial is another frequently misused term. Often the logic is flawed in the construction of research and in the interpretation of results, as well. So says Dr. George Simon.
Simon says (no pun) unscrupulous people do their homework to get the best of you.
Among Simon's tools of empowerment are accepting no excuses for inappropriate behavior and judging actions instead of intentions. He goes on to encourage holding people accountable to being and expecting direct communcation and not be lured off the message by diversionary, evasive tactics.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Cognition
Cognition is the scientific term for "the process of thought". In psychology and cognitive science, it usually refers to an information processing view of an individual's psychological functions.
The term cognition (Latin: cognoscere, "to know", "to conceptualize" or "to recognize") refers to a faculty for the processing of information, applying knowledge, and changing preferences. Cognition, or cognitive processes, can be natural or artificial, conscious or unconscious.
Cognition is the capability of solving a problem using your mind.
In social cognition, face perception in human babies emerges by the age of two months. This is in turn affected by the risk or cost of providing these, for instance, those associated with a playground or swimming pool or field trip.
The Santiago Theory of Cognition is the ability of adaption in a certain environment. Knowledge of a certain domain is adapted to that domain; problems, entities and procedures are tweaked within that domain. Cognition emerges as a result of continuous interaction between a system and its environment. This triggers bilateral perturbations or problems. From them are found solutions, the system 'adapted'' to the environment, problems confronted for survival.
Psychic capital is a term first used by Kenneth E. Boulding. Capital is an accumulation of wealth, and psychic capital is the accumulation of desirable mental states, which admittedly are highly transitory in nature. The mental states could be memories of pleasure, success, achievement, and recognition. The desire to add to psychic capital can be a powerful motivating force. Exchanges involving increases or decreases of psychic capital are likely to occur at any time, either through decision or through a turn of events.
However, failure in a task could also lead to a depletion of psychic capital. An accumulation of negative memories of failures, disasters, atrocities or perceived injustices and indignities could be called psychic capital, in a negative nature.
Wikipedia
Cognition is the scientific term for "the process of thought". In psychology and cognitive science, it usually refers to an information processing view of an individual's psychological functions.
The term cognition (Latin: cognoscere, "to know", "to conceptualize" or "to recognize") refers to a faculty for the processing of information, applying knowledge, and changing preferences. Cognition, or cognitive processes, can be natural or artificial, conscious or unconscious.
Cognition is the capability of solving a problem using your mind.
In social cognition, face perception in human babies emerges by the age of two months. This is in turn affected by the risk or cost of providing these, for instance, those associated with a playground or swimming pool or field trip.
The Santiago Theory of Cognition is the ability of adaption in a certain environment. Knowledge of a certain domain is adapted to that domain; problems, entities and procedures are tweaked within that domain. Cognition emerges as a result of continuous interaction between a system and its environment. This triggers bilateral perturbations or problems. From them are found solutions, the system 'adapted'' to the environment, problems confronted for survival.
Psychic capital is a term first used by Kenneth E. Boulding. Capital is an accumulation of wealth, and psychic capital is the accumulation of desirable mental states, which admittedly are highly transitory in nature. The mental states could be memories of pleasure, success, achievement, and recognition. The desire to add to psychic capital can be a powerful motivating force. Exchanges involving increases or decreases of psychic capital are likely to occur at any time, either through decision or through a turn of events.
However, failure in a task could also lead to a depletion of psychic capital. An accumulation of negative memories of failures, disasters, atrocities or perceived injustices and indignities could be called psychic capital, in a negative nature.
Wikipedia
Saturday, January 15, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Concept
A concept is a cognitive unit of meaning- an abstract idea or mental symbol. This unit of knowledge is built from other units to form characteristics.
Two theories cover concepts. A representational theory deems concepts as mental representations. The semantic theory holds concepts are abstract objects.
Ideas are conceived to be concepts, though abstract concepts do not appear to the mind as some ideas do.
According to John Locke, a general idea is created by abstracting, a drawing away or removing a common characteristic from several ideas. This is common for everyone.
For example, the abstract general idea in the word 'red' is that characteristic of apples, blood and cherries. The concept of the word 'dog' is the collective characteristic among Collies, Pitbulls and Chihuahuas.
In Locke's tradition, John Stuart Mill contends abstraction is pulled from concepts. When we put phenomena into a class, we compare them to find out how they agree. Mill notes this step, a result of the comparison, the abstraction from individual things.
For Schopenhauer, abstractions are formed from intuitive perception. In arbitrary thinking, we drop some qualities and retain others. He says a concept is drawn off from previous images, by putting off their differences.
Kant defines concepts abstracted from many possible instances.
It seems obvious concepts must have structure. The containment model has been dominant. Here, a concept has certain necessary and sufficient conditions to determine an extension. This model allows no degrees, it's either in or out of the conceptual extension.
The inferential model finds structure of concept in a graded manner, the tendency of the concept used in certain kinds of inferences.
Jerry Fodor sees concepts formed from reliable information from mental contents and the world. These claims are called 'atomistic' because they are deemed indistinguishable.
Nietzche says concepts are formed by equating what is unequal, much like 'leaves', snowflakes or individuals.
Wikipedia
A concept is a cognitive unit of meaning- an abstract idea or mental symbol. This unit of knowledge is built from other units to form characteristics.
Two theories cover concepts. A representational theory deems concepts as mental representations. The semantic theory holds concepts are abstract objects.
Ideas are conceived to be concepts, though abstract concepts do not appear to the mind as some ideas do.
According to John Locke, a general idea is created by abstracting, a drawing away or removing a common characteristic from several ideas. This is common for everyone.
For example, the abstract general idea in the word 'red' is that characteristic of apples, blood and cherries. The concept of the word 'dog' is the collective characteristic among Collies, Pitbulls and Chihuahuas.
In Locke's tradition, John Stuart Mill contends abstraction is pulled from concepts. When we put phenomena into a class, we compare them to find out how they agree. Mill notes this step, a result of the comparison, the abstraction from individual things.
For Schopenhauer, abstractions are formed from intuitive perception. In arbitrary thinking, we drop some qualities and retain others. He says a concept is drawn off from previous images, by putting off their differences.
Kant defines concepts abstracted from many possible instances.
It seems obvious concepts must have structure. The containment model has been dominant. Here, a concept has certain necessary and sufficient conditions to determine an extension. This model allows no degrees, it's either in or out of the conceptual extension.
The inferential model finds structure of concept in a graded manner, the tendency of the concept used in certain kinds of inferences.
Jerry Fodor sees concepts formed from reliable information from mental contents and the world. These claims are called 'atomistic' because they are deemed indistinguishable.
Nietzche says concepts are formed by equating what is unequal, much like 'leaves', snowflakes or individuals.
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Hidden emotions
Max Weber’s depiction of organizational membership as “life in an iron cage”. Under a certain condition, emotional expression is the kiss of death:
"Even in the most difficult of circumstances, when a promotion doesn’t materialize, the professional is supposed to behave appropriately. Never show hurt, never grieve in public, and never grow angry”.
Cool on the outside...boiling on the inside.
Max Weber’s depiction of organizational membership as “life in an iron cage”. Under a certain condition, emotional expression is the kiss of death:
"Even in the most difficult of circumstances, when a promotion doesn’t materialize, the professional is supposed to behave appropriately. Never show hurt, never grieve in public, and never grow angry”.
Cool on the outside...boiling on the inside.
God forbade...must reading!
Ego driven
The ego loves its resentment of reality. Buddha calls this reality 'tatata' – the suchness of life, of the moment. One of the ego's functions is to oppose that suchness. The ego creates the negativity it thrives on, the unhappiness it loves. In this way you make yourself and others suffer and don't even know you're doing it, don't know that you are creating 'hell on earth'. To create suffering without recognizing it is the essence of unconscious living, living, totally in the grip of the ego. The extent of the ego's inability to recognize and see what its doing is staggering and unbelievable. It will do exactly what it condemns others for and not see it. When pointed out will use angry denial, clever arguments and self-justifications to distort the facts. When all else fails the ego will resort to shouting or even physical violence. Send in the Marines. We can now understand Jesus' words of wisdom, “Forgive them for they know not what they do”.
Eckhart Tolle- A New Earth
The ego loves its resentment of reality. Buddha calls this reality 'tatata' – the suchness of life, of the moment. One of the ego's functions is to oppose that suchness. The ego creates the negativity it thrives on, the unhappiness it loves. In this way you make yourself and others suffer and don't even know you're doing it, don't know that you are creating 'hell on earth'. To create suffering without recognizing it is the essence of unconscious living, living, totally in the grip of the ego. The extent of the ego's inability to recognize and see what its doing is staggering and unbelievable. It will do exactly what it condemns others for and not see it. When pointed out will use angry denial, clever arguments and self-justifications to distort the facts. When all else fails the ego will resort to shouting or even physical violence. Send in the Marines. We can now understand Jesus' words of wisdom, “Forgive them for they know not what they do”.
Eckhart Tolle- A New Earth
Friday, January 14, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Sentience
Sentience is the ability to feel or perceive. The term is used in science and philosophy, and in the research of artificial intelligence. Sentience is used in the study of consciousness to describe the ability to have sensations or experiences, known by Western philosophers as "qualia".
Colin McGinn believes that sentience will never be understood, that subjective experience will never be explained; sentience is the only aspect of consciousness that can't be explained.
Other philosophers, Daniel Dennett disagrees, arguing that all aspects of consciousness will eventually yield to scientific investigation.
The concept is related to the Bodhisattva, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others.
Robert A. Freitas states that a gap in Sentience Quotient "may affect our ability, and the desirability, of communicating with extraterrestrial beings...It may be that there is a minimum SQ, "communication gap," an intellectual distance beyond which no two entities can meaningfully converse."
Wikipedia
Sentience is the ability to feel or perceive. The term is used in science and philosophy, and in the research of artificial intelligence. Sentience is used in the study of consciousness to describe the ability to have sensations or experiences, known by Western philosophers as "qualia".
Colin McGinn believes that sentience will never be understood, that subjective experience will never be explained; sentience is the only aspect of consciousness that can't be explained.
Other philosophers, Daniel Dennett disagrees, arguing that all aspects of consciousness will eventually yield to scientific investigation.
The concept is related to the Bodhisattva, an enlightened being devoted to the liberation of others.
Robert A. Freitas states that a gap in Sentience Quotient "may affect our ability, and the desirability, of communicating with extraterrestrial beings...It may be that there is a minimum SQ, "communication gap," an intellectual distance beyond which no two entities can meaningfully converse."
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Robert L. Scott
In Concepts in Communication, Robert L. Scott argues a speaker's role in influencing his audience is no more important than testing his own abilities, knowledge and beliefs. The speaker tells his audience that what he has to say is worth understanding, believing and acting upon. The speaker has to have confidence or it will not fly.
Scott's finding is that rhetoric may be the art of persuasion, it's also a means to understand the human condition.
Richard McKeon expands rhetoric to incorporate technology. The world continually progresses, but , yet, has to work in logos, or the logic of technology. The sciences would only be analytic without. McKeon says a new rhetoric is needed to bridge the gap between arts and science. Rhetoric can navigate between them, given the opportunity to interrelate and set new ends there. The new rhetoric can command the arts and sciences to new discoveries.
Wikipedia
In Concepts in Communication, Robert L. Scott argues a speaker's role in influencing his audience is no more important than testing his own abilities, knowledge and beliefs. The speaker tells his audience that what he has to say is worth understanding, believing and acting upon. The speaker has to have confidence or it will not fly.
Scott's finding is that rhetoric may be the art of persuasion, it's also a means to understand the human condition.
Richard McKeon expands rhetoric to incorporate technology. The world continually progresses, but , yet, has to work in logos, or the logic of technology. The sciences would only be analytic without. McKeon says a new rhetoric is needed to bridge the gap between arts and science. Rhetoric can navigate between them, given the opportunity to interrelate and set new ends there. The new rhetoric can command the arts and sciences to new discoveries.
Wikipedia
Thursday, January 13, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Rhetoric
The Sophists claimed human excellence is no accident of fate or the priviledge of a noble birth, but an art or technique that could be taught or learned. They argued further morality, or immorality, could not be judged outside of the cultural context it was in. The well-known phrase,
“Man is the measure of all things”
comes from this belief.
Isocrates believed practice in public speaking about noble things and important questions would improve the character of the speaker and the audience while best serving the public.
Quintilian describes, not just rhetoric, but forming the perfect orator; a politically active, virtuous, public-minded citizen. Rhetoric became culturally vibrant and an important kind of entertainment.
Cultural criticism in a movement called “the second sophistic” charged rhetoric teachers were emphasizing style over substance.
Rhetoric, as civic art, claims the power to shape communities, form citizen character and impact civic life.
Cicero believed the tools of rhetoric, put into the hands of the right people, could be used to save the republic.
Augustine believed liberal arts study contributed to rhetorical study, to develop a keen and ardent nature fine words come more readily by reading and hearing eloquent speech than pursuing the rules of rhetoric.
Robert L. Scott argues truth is not a central, objective set of facts. Truth is based on the situation at hand. Scott extends the pursuit and argument for an ultimate truth ' fooling' yourself, choosing one argument among many. Ultimately, truth is relative to the situation, rhetoric gives meaning to individual circumstances.
A division, strongly associated with enlightenment thinking, tried to make language a neutral and transparent medium.
Brummett points out “ a worldview, with truth in agreement, must have rhetoric, at heart. Agreement is found no other way".
Wikipedia
The Sophists claimed human excellence is no accident of fate or the priviledge of a noble birth, but an art or technique that could be taught or learned. They argued further morality, or immorality, could not be judged outside of the cultural context it was in. The well-known phrase,
“Man is the measure of all things”
comes from this belief.
Isocrates believed practice in public speaking about noble things and important questions would improve the character of the speaker and the audience while best serving the public.
Quintilian describes, not just rhetoric, but forming the perfect orator; a politically active, virtuous, public-minded citizen. Rhetoric became culturally vibrant and an important kind of entertainment.
Cultural criticism in a movement called “the second sophistic” charged rhetoric teachers were emphasizing style over substance.
Rhetoric, as civic art, claims the power to shape communities, form citizen character and impact civic life.
Cicero believed the tools of rhetoric, put into the hands of the right people, could be used to save the republic.
Augustine believed liberal arts study contributed to rhetorical study, to develop a keen and ardent nature fine words come more readily by reading and hearing eloquent speech than pursuing the rules of rhetoric.
Robert L. Scott argues truth is not a central, objective set of facts. Truth is based on the situation at hand. Scott extends the pursuit and argument for an ultimate truth ' fooling' yourself, choosing one argument among many. Ultimately, truth is relative to the situation, rhetoric gives meaning to individual circumstances.
A division, strongly associated with enlightenment thinking, tried to make language a neutral and transparent medium.
Brummett points out “ a worldview, with truth in agreement, must have rhetoric, at heart. Agreement is found no other way".
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Luck and Pluck
Written in 1869, Luck and Pluck was the first of a series of Horatio Alger stories about young men cheated of their inheritance or otherwise cast adrift, and had to make their way through their own efforts.
Most people know what "luck" is and understand how it contributes to success, but many Americans have forgotten the role of "pluck." The dictionary defines pluck as "courage or resolution in the face of difficulties."
As Louis L'Amour had one of his characters say, "It's awful hard to stop a man who knows he's right and just won't quit." We sometimes call it, "hangin' in there." As Casey Stengel put it, "80% of life is just showing up."
Before the welfare rights movement feigned sense, "income" meant a reward that came through hard work. If you were lucky, you'd get a lot of income, if you weren't lucky, you wouldn't earn as much, but pluck was an essential requirement for receiving income.
Up until the mid 1960's, people were expected to work for a living; very few people believed that society owed anybody anything.
Our fathers were good, religious people, and did not mean to foster atheism when they talked about luck, and gave a half-way assent to its Godless reality. If the universe were an infinite chaos; if order had no throne in its wide realm; if universal law were a fable of fancy; if God were a Babel, or the world a Pandemonium, there might be such a thing as luck. But while from the particle to the globe, from the animalcule to the archangel, there is not a being or a thing, a time or an event, disconnected with the great government of eternal law and order, we cannot see how such a game of chance as the word luck supposes can be admitted into any corner of the great world. Luck! What is it? A lottery? A hap-hazard? A frolic of gnomes? A blind-man's-bluff among the laws? A ruse among the elements? A trick of dame Nature? Has any scholar defined luck, any philosopher explained its nature, any chemist shown us its elements? Is luck that strange, nondescript unmateriality that does all things among men that they cannot account for? If so, why does not luck make a fool speak words of wisdom; an ignoramus utter -lectures on philosophy; a stupid dolt write the great works of music and poetry; a double-fingered dummy create the beauties of art, or an untutored savage the wonders of mechanism?
If we should go into a country where the sluggard's farm is covered with the richest grains and fruits, and where industry is rewarded only with weeds and brambles; where the drunkard looks sleek and beautiful, and his home cheerful and happy, while temperance wears the haggard face and eats the bread of want and misery; where labor starves, while idleness is fed and grows fat; where common sense is put upon the pillory, while twaddle and moonshine are raised to distinction, where genius lies in the gutter and ignorance soars to the skies; where virtue is incarcerated in prison, while vice is courted and wooed by the sunlight, we might possibly be led to believe that luck had something to do there. But where we see, and see everywhere, the rewards of industry, energy, wisdom and virtue, constant as the world turns, we must deny in toto the very existence of this good and evil essence which men have called luck.
Was it luck' that gave Morse his telegraph, Fulton his steamboat, or Franklin lightning? Is it luck that gives the merchant his business, the lawyer his clients, the minister his hearers, the physician his patients, the mechanic his labor, the farmer his harvest? No man believes it. And yet many are the men who dream of luck, and did sometimes humor the whims of visionary cowards and drones.
They look upon the world, not as a great hive of industry, where men are rewarded according to their labors and merits, but as a grand lottery, a magnificent scheme of chance, in which fools and idlers have as fair a show as talent and labor.
Although our economy expands over time, the economy produces a fixed number of dollars in any given year. Regardless of your political philosophy, you have to recognize that a dollar spent painting lines on streets is a dollar which is not spent on education; a dollar spent keeping people in jail is a dollar which is not spent manufacturing cars, and so on.
The question of our enormous prison population is not really one of economics, but it has inescapable economic consequences. As Americans increasingly lose the habit of self-control and can only refrain from violence by being thrown in jail, crime and punishment add to the unproductive burden on the economy as a whole, just as surely welfare supports unproductive people by placing the burden on those who work.
Goods and services have to be produced before people can consume them. Economically speaking, it doesn't matter why a given individual doesn't produce anything, what matters is how many workers there are to support all the people who don't work. If there aren't enough worker bees to support the drones, any hive eventually runs out of money.
This is not a new issue. Let's look at some principles, articulated long ago:
You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich.
You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong.
You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift.
You cannot lift the wage earner up by pulling the wage payer down.
You cannot further the brotherhood of man by inciting class hatred.
You cannot build character and courage by taking away men's initiative and independence.
You cannot help men permanently by doing for them what they could and should do for themselves.
- William J. H. Boetcker
Ask Jeeves
Wikipedia
Written in 1869, Luck and Pluck was the first of a series of Horatio Alger stories about young men cheated of their inheritance or otherwise cast adrift, and had to make their way through their own efforts.
Most people know what "luck" is and understand how it contributes to success, but many Americans have forgotten the role of "pluck." The dictionary defines pluck as "courage or resolution in the face of difficulties."
As Louis L'Amour had one of his characters say, "It's awful hard to stop a man who knows he's right and just won't quit." We sometimes call it, "hangin' in there." As Casey Stengel put it, "80% of life is just showing up."
Before the welfare rights movement feigned sense, "income" meant a reward that came through hard work. If you were lucky, you'd get a lot of income, if you weren't lucky, you wouldn't earn as much, but pluck was an essential requirement for receiving income.
Up until the mid 1960's, people were expected to work for a living; very few people believed that society owed anybody anything.
Our fathers were good, religious people, and did not mean to foster atheism when they talked about luck, and gave a half-way assent to its Godless reality. If the universe were an infinite chaos; if order had no throne in its wide realm; if universal law were a fable of fancy; if God were a Babel, or the world a Pandemonium, there might be such a thing as luck. But while from the particle to the globe, from the animalcule to the archangel, there is not a being or a thing, a time or an event, disconnected with the great government of eternal law and order, we cannot see how such a game of chance as the word luck supposes can be admitted into any corner of the great world. Luck! What is it? A lottery? A hap-hazard? A frolic of gnomes? A blind-man's-bluff among the laws? A ruse among the elements? A trick of dame Nature? Has any scholar defined luck, any philosopher explained its nature, any chemist shown us its elements? Is luck that strange, nondescript unmateriality that does all things among men that they cannot account for? If so, why does not luck make a fool speak words of wisdom; an ignoramus utter -lectures on philosophy; a stupid dolt write the great works of music and poetry; a double-fingered dummy create the beauties of art, or an untutored savage the wonders of mechanism?
If we should go into a country where the sluggard's farm is covered with the richest grains and fruits, and where industry is rewarded only with weeds and brambles; where the drunkard looks sleek and beautiful, and his home cheerful and happy, while temperance wears the haggard face and eats the bread of want and misery; where labor starves, while idleness is fed and grows fat; where common sense is put upon the pillory, while twaddle and moonshine are raised to distinction, where genius lies in the gutter and ignorance soars to the skies; where virtue is incarcerated in prison, while vice is courted and wooed by the sunlight, we might possibly be led to believe that luck had something to do there. But where we see, and see everywhere, the rewards of industry, energy, wisdom and virtue, constant as the world turns, we must deny in toto the very existence of this good and evil essence which men have called luck.
Was it luck' that gave Morse his telegraph, Fulton his steamboat, or Franklin lightning? Is it luck that gives the merchant his business, the lawyer his clients, the minister his hearers, the physician his patients, the mechanic his labor, the farmer his harvest? No man believes it. And yet many are the men who dream of luck, and did sometimes humor the whims of visionary cowards and drones.
They look upon the world, not as a great hive of industry, where men are rewarded according to their labors and merits, but as a grand lottery, a magnificent scheme of chance, in which fools and idlers have as fair a show as talent and labor.
Although our economy expands over time, the economy produces a fixed number of dollars in any given year. Regardless of your political philosophy, you have to recognize that a dollar spent painting lines on streets is a dollar which is not spent on education; a dollar spent keeping people in jail is a dollar which is not spent manufacturing cars, and so on.
The question of our enormous prison population is not really one of economics, but it has inescapable economic consequences. As Americans increasingly lose the habit of self-control and can only refrain from violence by being thrown in jail, crime and punishment add to the unproductive burden on the economy as a whole, just as surely welfare supports unproductive people by placing the burden on those who work.
Goods and services have to be produced before people can consume them. Economically speaking, it doesn't matter why a given individual doesn't produce anything, what matters is how many workers there are to support all the people who don't work. If there aren't enough worker bees to support the drones, any hive eventually runs out of money.
This is not a new issue. Let's look at some principles, articulated long ago:
You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich.
You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong.
You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift.
You cannot lift the wage earner up by pulling the wage payer down.
You cannot further the brotherhood of man by inciting class hatred.
You cannot build character and courage by taking away men's initiative and independence.
You cannot help men permanently by doing for them what they could and should do for themselves.
- William J. H. Boetcker
Ask Jeeves
Wikipedia
Wednesday, January 12, 2011
God forbade...must reading!
Jean Baudrillard
Baudrillard unleashes his full bag of rhetorical tricks and philosophical analysis to attempt to maintain hypotheses in the face of the dramatic events of 1989-1991, which he claims are in fact “weak events,” that events are still on strike, that history has indeed disappeared. He continues to argue that modernity as a historical epoch is over, with its political conflicts and upheavals, its innovations and revolutions, its autonomous and creative subject, its myths of progress, democracy, enlightenment, and so on. These myths, these strong ideas, are exhausted, he claims, and so describes a postmodern era of banal eclecticism, inertial implosion, and eternal recycling of the same become defining features.
Baudrillard argues that there are three levels of simulation, where the first level is an obvious copy of reality and the second level is a copy so good that it blurs the boundaries between reality and representation. The third level is one which produces a reality of its own without being based upon any particular bit of the real world. The best example is probably “virtual reality”, which is a world generated by computer languages or code. Virtual reality is a world generated by mathematical models, abstract entities. It is this third level of simulation, where the model anticipates the constructed world, that Baudrillard calls the hyperreal, concerned for its growing prevalence in our world.
The principle of reversibility, which is also the one of magic and seduction, requires that all that has been produced must be reconfigured, all that appears must disappear… It could almost be the sign of an original reversibility of things. One could say that before the world was produced, it exists by virtue of having been seduced. A strange precession, that hangs over reality to this day: the world has been refuted and led astray from the beginning... This original deviation is truly demonic. The giddiness of simulation, the satanic ravishing of the eccentricity of the beginning and the end opposes itself to the utopia of the Last Judgement. Our entire moral anthropology, spanning from Christianity to Rousseau, original sin to original innocence, is false. Original sin must be replaced, not by final salvation, nor innocence, but by original seduction… To evoke seduction is to further our destiny as an object. To touch upon the object. To rouse the principle of Evil. Seduction is, therefore, inescapable, and appearance always victorious. Of course we are witnessing a proliferation of systems of meaning and interpretation which seek to clear the path for a rational operation of the world... At the same time it is evident that all these systems are prevented from producing anything based on truth or objectivity. Deep down everything is already there, in this evil reversal – the impossibility for all systems to be founded on truth, to break open the secret and reveal whatever it may be. The discourse of truth is quite simply impossible. It eludes itself. Everything eludes itself, everything scoffs at its own truth, seduction renders everything elusive. The fury to unveil the truth, to get at the naked truth, the one which haunts all discourses of interpretation, the obscene rage to uncover the secret, is proportionate to the impossibility of ever achieving this. The more one nears truth, the more it retreats towards the omega point, and the greater becomes the rage to get at it. But this rage, this fury, only bears witness to the eternity of seduction and to the impossibility of mastering it.
“the only genuine function of the intellect is to embrace contradictions, to exercise irony, to take the opposite tack, to exploit rifts and reversibility – even to fly in the face of the lawful and the factual”.
Jean Baudrillard
Wikipedia
Baudrillard unleashes his full bag of rhetorical tricks and philosophical analysis to attempt to maintain hypotheses in the face of the dramatic events of 1989-1991, which he claims are in fact “weak events,” that events are still on strike, that history has indeed disappeared. He continues to argue that modernity as a historical epoch is over, with its political conflicts and upheavals, its innovations and revolutions, its autonomous and creative subject, its myths of progress, democracy, enlightenment, and so on. These myths, these strong ideas, are exhausted, he claims, and so describes a postmodern era of banal eclecticism, inertial implosion, and eternal recycling of the same become defining features.
Baudrillard argues that there are three levels of simulation, where the first level is an obvious copy of reality and the second level is a copy so good that it blurs the boundaries between reality and representation. The third level is one which produces a reality of its own without being based upon any particular bit of the real world. The best example is probably “virtual reality”, which is a world generated by computer languages or code. Virtual reality is a world generated by mathematical models, abstract entities. It is this third level of simulation, where the model anticipates the constructed world, that Baudrillard calls the hyperreal, concerned for its growing prevalence in our world.
The principle of reversibility, which is also the one of magic and seduction, requires that all that has been produced must be reconfigured, all that appears must disappear… It could almost be the sign of an original reversibility of things. One could say that before the world was produced, it exists by virtue of having been seduced. A strange precession, that hangs over reality to this day: the world has been refuted and led astray from the beginning... This original deviation is truly demonic. The giddiness of simulation, the satanic ravishing of the eccentricity of the beginning and the end opposes itself to the utopia of the Last Judgement. Our entire moral anthropology, spanning from Christianity to Rousseau, original sin to original innocence, is false. Original sin must be replaced, not by final salvation, nor innocence, but by original seduction… To evoke seduction is to further our destiny as an object. To touch upon the object. To rouse the principle of Evil. Seduction is, therefore, inescapable, and appearance always victorious. Of course we are witnessing a proliferation of systems of meaning and interpretation which seek to clear the path for a rational operation of the world... At the same time it is evident that all these systems are prevented from producing anything based on truth or objectivity. Deep down everything is already there, in this evil reversal – the impossibility for all systems to be founded on truth, to break open the secret and reveal whatever it may be. The discourse of truth is quite simply impossible. It eludes itself. Everything eludes itself, everything scoffs at its own truth, seduction renders everything elusive. The fury to unveil the truth, to get at the naked truth, the one which haunts all discourses of interpretation, the obscene rage to uncover the secret, is proportionate to the impossibility of ever achieving this. The more one nears truth, the more it retreats towards the omega point, and the greater becomes the rage to get at it. But this rage, this fury, only bears witness to the eternity of seduction and to the impossibility of mastering it.
“the only genuine function of the intellect is to embrace contradictions, to exercise irony, to take the opposite tack, to exploit rifts and reversibility – even to fly in the face of the lawful and the factual”.
Jean Baudrillard
Wikipedia
God forbade...must reading!
Intuition
The reliability of your intuition depends, for the most part, on systematic retrieval of past knowledge and happenings in a certain area. If someone has more experience with children they will have better instinct or intuition about what they should do in certain situations with them. Not a one-for-one advantage, but greater chances of reliability.
Intuition is an ability to cut through the thickness of surface reality, with a deep and heightened observation of experiential data. Its like a slow motion machine that snaps information, yet, hits like a freight train. Intuition is a knowing, a sensing beyond conscious understanding- a gut feeling.
Consider the proposition,
“Whoever owns the soil, is theirs from heaven to hell”.
This is ad coelum, property rights extraordinaire. A legal reductio ad absurdum or reduction to the absurd argument against the proposition might be:
The proposition to a logical extreme would grant land owners rights to everything in a cone from the center of the earth to an infinite distance out into space. Whatever was inside the cone, including stars and planets, obviously crazy an earth landowner, also, owns a slice of the celestial heavens.
Poe's law is the concept that without an indicator it is difficult or impossible to know the difference between sincere extremism and its parody.
Italian author Umberto Eco believed the idea in Disney parks we not only enjoy a perfect imitation, but believe this is as good as it gets, reality is a let down. For some this is an ongoing concern. Environmentalists Jennifer Cypher and Eric Higgs worry the boundary between artificiality and reality is so thin, the artificial becomes the center of moral value.
The grand narratives of religion, ideology and enlightenment have been replaced by small, local narratives, love of family, nationality, humanity. These pastiches are intertextual in their very form as it is a recreation of an earlier text. These days, the older text may represent a bygone grand narrative, the newer version reflects a local narrative.
In the pastiche, the two enter dialogue.
Wikipedia
The reliability of your intuition depends, for the most part, on systematic retrieval of past knowledge and happenings in a certain area. If someone has more experience with children they will have better instinct or intuition about what they should do in certain situations with them. Not a one-for-one advantage, but greater chances of reliability.
Intuition is an ability to cut through the thickness of surface reality, with a deep and heightened observation of experiential data. Its like a slow motion machine that snaps information, yet, hits like a freight train. Intuition is a knowing, a sensing beyond conscious understanding- a gut feeling.
Consider the proposition,
“Whoever owns the soil, is theirs from heaven to hell”.
This is ad coelum, property rights extraordinaire. A legal reductio ad absurdum or reduction to the absurd argument against the proposition might be:
The proposition to a logical extreme would grant land owners rights to everything in a cone from the center of the earth to an infinite distance out into space. Whatever was inside the cone, including stars and planets, obviously crazy an earth landowner, also, owns a slice of the celestial heavens.
Poe's law is the concept that without an indicator it is difficult or impossible to know the difference between sincere extremism and its parody.
Italian author Umberto Eco believed the idea in Disney parks we not only enjoy a perfect imitation, but believe this is as good as it gets, reality is a let down. For some this is an ongoing concern. Environmentalists Jennifer Cypher and Eric Higgs worry the boundary between artificiality and reality is so thin, the artificial becomes the center of moral value.
The grand narratives of religion, ideology and enlightenment have been replaced by small, local narratives, love of family, nationality, humanity. These pastiches are intertextual in their very form as it is a recreation of an earlier text. These days, the older text may represent a bygone grand narrative, the newer version reflects a local narrative.
In the pastiche, the two enter dialogue.
Wikipedia
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